Tag Archives: chris glock

When Sci-Fi Becomes Sci-Fact

Chris Glock

We’ve all read a science fiction story and thought about how great it would be if some of these inventions existed.  The genre of science fiction is full of unbelievable seemingly impossible inventions that would make everyday life so much easier.  Sometimes these inventions actually turn out to be feasible; many of our gadgets today were once just part of someone’s imaginary future world in a story.

Part of the reason science fiction has so many fantastical inventions is because of the freedom of imagination the genre has.  In the future in a different world anything is possible, allowing for authors to imagine endless amounts of devices and gizmos.  With all of these inventions, though, it’s only a matter of time before some of them are implemented in real life, right?  Well, some already have been.  Older novels have been predicting our current technology for years.

Earbuds, a common part of everyday life.  Earbuds are an invention used so often people rarely think about their complexity.  Even though they had bulkier headphones, earbuds weren’t around in 1953 and wouldn’t be for roughly half a century.  But when  Ray Bradbury published his dystopian classic Fahrenheit 451, he was able to conceive such an invention.  Though  he did not go into great depth, the “little Seashells in her ears, the thimble radios tamped tight, and an electronic ocean of sound, of music and talk” are unmistakably an idea of our modern earbuds.

Arthur C. Clarke predicted using geostationary satellites for telecommunications, namely television signals, 20 years before the first commercial satellite was launched.  He mentioned this in the magazine Wireless  World in 1945.  At the time, geostationary satellites were already being widely talked about as potential for radio communications.  A geostationary satellite is “a satellite in an equatorial circular orbit at a distance of approximately 42,164 km from the center of the Earth, i.e., approximately 35,787 km (22,237 miles) above mean sea level [at] a period equal to the Earth’s rotation on its axis (Sidereal Day=23h56m) and would remain geostationary over the same point on the Earth’s equator.”

Not impressed?  Well, Jules Verne predicted the moon landing a full century before it happened.  In his story From Earth to the Moon, he tells about the journey of three men completing the first manned space flight to the moon.  While parts of it are pretty far off, such as the vessel being launched from a cannon, other details are uncannily close.  For example in Verne’s novel the launch from Florida predates the Kennedy launch site by more than a century.  While his science was obviously flawed, many of his calculations referring to outer space travel are surprisingly close.

While it isn’t “literature,” Star Trek predicted many inventions we have today.  While ours isn’t quite as advanced, our modern 3-D printers are similar to the replicator used in Star Trek.  And our iPads are almost identical to the PADD (Personal Access Display Device), and the virtual display used by the Dominion bears a striking resemblance to Google Glass.

With the growing number of science fiction works and increasing dependence upon technology, it’s inevitable some authors would have gotten some stuff right.  They’ll probably continue to predict stuff correctly as well.  And while there are many of these predictions that came true, there is an even greater amount that didn’t.  However, we’re still progressing and may one day see teleportation or the hoverboards promised to us by Back to the Future.

History of Science Fiction

Chris Glock

Science fiction has arguably existed since the first recorded fiction, while others believe it wasn’t later until 5th century BC.  “Why isn’t there a clear start to science fiction?” you might ask.  Well, because there is no easy way to say something is or isn’t science fiction, many of these older stories only include one or two parts relating to science fiction, but for some people that’s enough to classify the whole story as sci-fi.  The only common consensus seems to be the term “Science fiction” was an invention of the 20th century.

Since its creation, it has changed drastically, going through several eras and forms.  Today it’s one of the largest genres with many other stories from other genres having science fiction within them.  No two works are alike; some focus more on the science while others more on the stories resulting in a broad genre containing thousands of stories.

The first fictional story was the Sumerian The Epic of Gilgamesh.  While many agree it isn’t science fiction, it is however argued by a few well-known science fiction writers such as Lester Del Rey and  Pierre Versins to be the first science fiction novel based on its quest for immortality.  Other early works argued to be the first include the Hindu epic Ramayana (5th to 4th century BC) based on its inclusion of flying machines.  The Syrian-Greek “True History,” due to its many science fiction themes such as travel to outer space, encounters with alien life, interplanetary warfare, creatures as products of human technology, and worlds working by a set of alternate physical laws, also makes a case for the earliest science fiction work.

As many new scientific theories were being discovered, a new type of literature rose to popularity.  Due to the yearning to discover new scientific advances people begin fantasizing about the endless possibilities science had to offer in life.  Thomas More wrote Utopia about a society that had perfected their society technologically and politically.  This not only led to the utopia motif but also coined the word itself.

During the Age of Reason, many science fiction stories were released about space travel.  Johannes Kepler’s Somnium depicts a journey to the moon.  Both Carl Sagan and Isaac Asimov believe this is the first true science fiction story.  Shakespeare’s The Tempest, while not a science fiction story, creates a template for the mad-scientist archetype.

These trends continued to grow into the 19th century.  Most notably from this time was Marry Shelley’s Frankenstein, which features the mad-scientist archetype and popularized it as a sub-genre.  Jules Verne and H.G. Wells both wrote many novels in this genre considered classics.  H.G. Wells wrote novels like The Time Machine, in which he attempts to explain his views on society during his time.  Verne, however, wrote more fantastical adventure novels that sought to tell a story.  Journey to the Center of the Earth and Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea are examples of his works.

The period of the 1940s through 1950s is referred to as the Golden Age.  During this time science fiction began to be taken as a more serious form of literature.  John W. Campbell became famed in the genre as an editor and publisher of science fiction magazines.  With his guidance, the focus shifted away from the technology to the characters, from hard to soft science fiction.  During this time, the space opera rose to popularity, which has nothing to do with opera itself but is a play on the term soap opera.  In the Golden age many stories began to contain deeper psychological focus with writers putting their own ideologies into the writing.

As the Golden Age slowly died off, “new wave” science fiction began to surface.  The ’60s and ’70s were full of experimentation in both style and content.  It focused even less on scientific accuracy than the previous Golden Age.  Writers also began to tackle more controversial topics like sexuality and political issues away from which writers had previously stayed.

Works Referenced

More, Thomas. Utopia. 1516. Print.

Shakespeare, Wlliam. The Tempest. 1610/11. Print.

Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein. London: Lackington, Hughes, Harding, Mavor & Jones, 1818. Print.

Verne, Jules. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Paris: Pierre-Jules Hetzel, 1870. Print.

Wells, Herbert G. The Time Machine. London: William Heinemann, 1895. Print.

—. The War of the Worlds. London: William Heinemann, 1898. Print.

Hard vs. Soft Science Fiction

Chris Glock

Like most genres of literature, science fiction can be divided into sub-genres.  Of these sub-genres there is hard sci-fi and its opposite hard sci-fi.  Of these two genres there are many famous writers and works in each.  The line between the two is very grey with varying levels of hardness and softness as opposed to having just hard and just soft.

Science fiction is a fictitious genre that focuses on real and hypothetical science.  Usually science fiction takes place in the future, however there is a good number occurring in a modern setting and some even taking place in the past.  People often lump science fiction under the fantasy genre of which many sci-fi books could fall.

Hard science fiction had a focus on scientific fact or accuracy.  This definition however says nothing about the actual literary content of the book, which is why to many people it is not as alluring as soft science fiction.  Because of this hard sci-fi is sometimes scrutinized for putting scientific accuracy above all else.  People who aren’t fans of this sometimes see them as textbooks filled with knowledge rather than an entertaining story.

A great example of this hard science fiction is “Day Million” by Frederik Pohl.  This book tells the story of Don and Dora from the future, day one million to be precise.  While like all books it has a plot and main characters, they serve only to keep readers interested.  The book primarily talks about how different life is in the future.  Don is cybernetic and has a metal body, while Dora is some sort of modified human with gills and a tail.  At the end they both get married then never see each other again, this is because they both download the other’s personality into their minds so that they can see, hear, and feel, the other at any given moment.  That is the entirety of the plot; much more attention and detail goes into describing how this futuristic world functions.

Soft science fiction in contrast is any work of literature set in a fictitious scientific setting despite how inaccurate or realistic it is.  Many people prefer this, and for a good reason, too: without being held to the realism set by hard science fiction, the writers have easier times creating and interesting and captivating story for their audiences.  These books also tend to be better known as people who aren’t fans of the scientific side of them can still find the story fascinating.

A famous work of soft science fiction is H.G. Wells’s The Invisible Man.  It tells how a man named Griffin turns himself invisible; while conducting research, Griffin gets himself in trouble with the town.  He is then chased down and killed by everyone in the town.  This is soft science fiction because, while it does have scientific principles, it is used as a backdrop to the rest of the story.  The book doesn’t even mention how Griffin had become invisible except for it had been an accident during an experiment.

Bibliography

Blish, James B. “Surface tension.” N.p.: Gnome Press, 1957. Print.

Clarke, Arthur C. “Childhood’s End.” N.p.: Ballantine Books, 1953. Print.

Pohl, Frederick G. “Day Million.” Lanham: Scarecrow Press, Inc., 1979. N. pag. Web. 11 Oct. 2014. <http://www.sfcenter.ku.edu/Sci-Tech-Society/stored/day_million.pdf&gt;.

Wells, Herbert G. The Invisible Man. N.p.: C. Arthur Pearson, 1876. Print.