Category Archives: TV & Movie Reviews

Too Soon: We Hardly Knew Ye

Christopher Rush

I understand how usually we want our Christmas-themed issues to be light and fluffy like meringue cookies, but in addition to celebrating good times and Jesus’ birthday, at the end of a year we customarily look back on the lows as well as the highs of the year, taking inventory of what we gained and what we lost.  Before we proceed further, I should pause and admit this article has nothing to do with actual people and nothing to do with the year 2017 and thus nothing to do with genuine loss or sorrow, so you can relax.  This article is about characters that left television shows sooner than I wanted them to, either for real-life reasons such as contract disputes or new producers’ fancies, fake-life reasons such as ratings or storylines, or who knows what — and for the most part I don’t know the reasons involved here, so I won’t speculate or spend time arguing (much).  I understand kairotically this issue is a bit touchy, so to speak, but if it helps, without contradicting the previous sentence, I’m pretty sure none of the characters left these shows because the actors/actresses were fired for treating other real human being inappropriately, so you can relax about that as well.  Now that we are all relaxed, let’s begin.

Mark Brendanawicz, Parks and Recreation

You know those people who tell you, “Parks and Recreation is really good, you just have to get through the first season — it gets much better in season two”?  Turns out, they are correct.  Parks and Recreation has about as abysmal a first season as a show can have, but almost immediately it gets much better in season two.  I’m not saying it’s one of the best of all-time: it’s not terribly “safe” all the time, it does like to flaunt quite a bit of censored moments in a few episodes, and a fair number of its characters behave in ways shall we say contrary to Judeo-Christian values.  Despite that, and perhaps much of that was “necessary” to get the show made in the early 21st century, it has a fair amount of what we can blandly and vaguely call “heart,” and usually by the end of each episode we are smiling and happy these group of characters are smiling and happy themselves, often because fairly decent morals have won out after all (despite what was intimated moments ago).

Many of you will then likely disagree with this entry, since this character exists only during the easily forgettable era of the show.  However, the character had good potential especially as the show started to stretch and realize its own potential away from filling in the hole.  Just like in Futurama, as the expanded universe started to grow and the occasional repeating guest characters brought the town of Pawnee to life, Mark Brendanawicz could have grown and performed different functions as well, given the chance.  I understand how his character was basically written into a corner having effectively burned all his bridges with Leslie and Ann, the two main female characters, but it could have been interesting to see how they all rebounded from rebounding off each other.  His last few scenes at the end of the second season are just painful, and his character deserved better.  He began as the solid, intelligent character upon which our main character, Leslie Knope, could safely reach her enthusiastic dreams for a better life for her town.  He should not have ended up as he did, never mentioned again during the final five seasons of the show, even if the actor, Paul Schneider, was happy to move on to better things in his own life.

Chano Amanguale, Barney Miller

Almost identically to Mark Brendanawicz, Chano Amanguale, played by Gregory Sierra, disappeared from the ol’ 1-2 (New York City Police Department Squad Room #12) at the end of the second season of Barney Miller with no warning or explanation.  At least he is mentioned a couple of times in the next few seasons and gets paid a brief tribute in the show’s finale (along with other former cast members).  Chano was a very interesting character in a show wholly driven by interesting characters.  While some may find the show’s intentional panoply of ethnic diversity (and the concomitant ethnic humor of the 1970s) somewhat dated, I find it hard to believe people even today would be offended by what the show does and how it does it.  And Chano Amanguale, as an intelligent Puerto Rican officer with skill, humor, and verve, brought some of the best moments to the show in its first two seasons.  Like the other roles in the show, Chano had more going for him than “he’s the Puerto Rican character.”  His bilinguality, for example, brought scenes and an authenticity to the interactions with New York City life in the early 1970s that was lacking after his character left (as great as the show was).

Chano also gave us some weight to the show that was, admittedly, picked up in smaller amounts by other characters and episodes here and there, especially by Ron Glass’s character Ron Harris, but he did it first, especially showing us the human emotional cost of being a police officer.  If you are familiar with the series, you are likely aware of the specific show to which I am referring, the final episode of season 1, “The Hero,” in which Chano has to shoot a bank robber and, though he saves lives, feels guilt and sorrow for taking another life.  Aside from this depth, he also provided an enthusiastic personality not really replaced after his departure.  Don’t get me wrong, the show was great without him but not because of the loss of his character.  It may have been another case of the actor wanting to branch out and avoid becoming stuck in an admittedly intentional ethnic rut, but the show was not the same without him, and considering how impressively fresh the entire show is despite having virtually one set location for its entire run, Chano’s character could have brought something engaging for at least a few more seasons.

Dr. Zack Addy, Bones

For a show that impressively managed to mismanage virtually everything about itself, one of its most impressive mismanagements was the character Zack Addy, portrayed by Eric Millegan.  Depending on much you like that show, you could have chosen from several characters that just disappeared or were fired or got killed.  For no particular reason other than my whims and fancies at the time of this list compilation, I tried to avoid characters that got killed off by a show, which thus excluded pretty much everyone from Lost or NCIS or Battlestar Galactica.  I will admit here I have not finished off Bones — we stopped subscribing to cable somewhere around season eight or nine, so I haven’t seen the last few seasons.  I use the “stopped getting cable” excuse instead of the more accurate “they had run out of ideas for their characters and were just doing stupid things” (such as the totally original “Bones is on the run from a murder charge she didn’t commit” plotline) to try to be nice if you really like the show.  As I said, the show could go down for me as one of the great disappointments because it started off with so much and did so little with it.  Perhaps the last few seasons got back on track, and some day I’d like to find out for myself, but for the sake of this segment, I thought I’d be honest.

Zack was a young, brilliant doctor person with very limited social skills.  In a show populated mostly by nonstop talkers, his taciturnity was often quite welcome.  Many of the characters early on represented different abstract values: Booth was Justice (with a disappointingly insincere patina of Catholicism), Bones was Scientific Fact/Rationality, Angela was Heart/Compassion (right?), Hodgins was … I dunno, Proletariat Morality or something, except for the fact he was secretly wealthy, and Zack was Logic — cold, calculating, unemotional logic, sort of like how young Spock must have been when his mother wasn’t around.  And this logic led him to very bizarre places, especially at the end of his character tenure.

Zack leaves when he has reached a new plateau of both self-understanding and adherence to ratiocination, which is a horrible place for his character to stop.  Finally he starts to feel and engage with human beings as human beings and not just bits of datum, and even worse he departs when most of the rest of the characters think he is guilty of some heinous act when he is, plot twist, innocent.  And while we can be somewhat grateful this is finally resolved in the series finale almost a decade later (so I hear), taking a character to a whole new place and just dumping him, especially while leaving the other characters erroneously hurt by/angry with him, is a rotten thing to do for the character and the audience that has journeyed with him.

Walt, Lost

(I did say “pretty much everyone” from Lost.)  We kid Lost for doing about a dozen or so times exactly what Bones did with Zack, though usually much more fatally: whenever a character comes to some important life-changing decision or realization, about four seconds later that character is killed off.  Fine.  If you’ll allow the expression, we can live with that.  I’ve gone on record before (and I’m not trying to be one of those “go read everything else I’ve written” authors here) as saying Lost is a good show and its ending is fully in-line with what the show was about from its beginning, even with the multitude of plot holes, character-arc abandonments, nonsensical explanations or lack thereof, and the total package that was the entertaining rollercoaster ride called Lost, driven much more by the creativity and skills of Cuse and Lindelof than Abrams.  I felt the show did a fine job drawing its main storylines to satisfactory conclusions, for the most part, and while we could all come up with a separate list of a dozen characters who left the show too soon because they were killed off (which would be most of the cast), I arbitrarily tried to stay away from such cases.

Walt, however, is another situation entirely.  I have no sympathy for show creators who put children into their programs, first of all.  Let’s face it: Opie was sweet and swell and Ron Howard is great, but the Opie-centric episodes of The Andy Griffith Show are among the worst of the series.  The early “Nog + Jake getting in trouble” episodes of DS9, likewise.  The shows that are mainly family shows because of the kids (Leave it to Beaver, The Brady Bunch, etc.) don’t really count here, since that is their whole schtick: the kids try and fail and try and succeed and we all laugh and cry and laugh again as they grow and learn to laugh at love … again, or whatever.  The Cosby Show avoided this for the most part, though there are a couple episodes here and there that suffer from this (like Rudy and Vanessa locked in the basement).  But by this point in the history of television, Lost and its creators should have known Malcolm David Kelley was going to reach puberty and grow quickly as a human being before his character had time to grow and develop.  They should have known that.  And if you are going to create a show that covers only a few months of “show time” though it takes years of “real time” to make, you should be prepared for that eventuality from the get-go.

Walt was special, they told us.  Mysterious and wondrous things happened around him, possibly because of him.  He had some keen preternatural connection to the island.  For all we know, he may have been the reason they crashed on the island in the first place.  But we will never really know, will we?  In a show that literally was about time travel, they couldn’t have found some excuse to say something to the effect of “Walt stepped into the quantum accelerator and suddenly older, taller Walt stepped out”?  We should have been told why Walt was special.  I don’t need an explicit explication of why the island breeds infertility (which, I suppose is a redundant and contradictory sentence).  I don’t need to know what was the deal with Libby and her boat and this and that.  Sure, it would be nice, but Walt was special!  He altered reality.  His story and character deserved much better treatment.

Murphy Michaels and Bernice Foxe, Remington Steele

I’m not implying I don’t like Doris Roberts or her character Mildred Krebs — she is great, of course — but Remington Steele lured us in with an intriguing conflict that had no meaningful resolution.  Remington Stele began with a fantastic ’80s-only premise: a plucky detective agency is making its mark in the misogynistic world thanks to the masculine manly man Remington Steele being in charge … except he doesn’t exist and the real brains behind the enterprise is Laura Holt, a feminine lady woman person, who actually has brains as well as beauty, a concept not everyone in the 1980s (or 2010s) understood.  Laura Holt has some assistants: Murphy Michaels played by James Read and Bernice Foxe played by Janet DeMay.  Murphy is another licensed private investigator and is a fairly smart cookie in his own right, not just the muscle for Laura.  Bernice is a disappointingly typical ’80s secretary, and, frankly, I’m sort of tossing her in for appearances, thus undercutting the enlightened-sounding nature of recent sentences.  Mainly, this entry is about Murphy Michaels.

The aforementioned “intriguing conflict” at the onset of the series comes from the appearance of the breathtaking Pierce Brosnan, who immediately announces to the world he is the real Remington Steele, surprising everyone who works at the Remington Steele Detective Agency, especially Laura and Murphy, who both know Laura made him up (Bernice does not know this, which adds some humorous moments during the first season, but the loss of her character is not much of a loss overall, sad to say).

Pierce’s character is mysterious and possibly felonious.  Murphy, of course, mistrusts him from the beginning.  So does Laura, but she also finds him difficult to resist (as we all do, frankly, and still to this day), a conflict that is allowed to expand and contract and expand again over the next few seasons.  Sadly, we only get the intriguing conflict of Murphy vs. “Remington” for the first season, after which Murphy and Bernice are replaced by Mildred Krebs.  True, this simplifies the show and allows it to grow in new directions, but I still would have liked to have seen an actual resolution to the Murphy vs. Remington arc, as well as more interesting things for James Read during his time as Murphy Michaels, especially since he is supposed to be good at his job — he should not always be topped by the amateur.  I’m not suggesting a prequel, although that notion now that I think of it is mildly intriguing.  Nor am I suggesting in this instance the show could have been better had Murphy stayed around longer.  One season, had it been handled better and more intentionally, could have sufficed for an engaging and complete story for Murphy Michaels both in relation to Remington Steele and in his own right.

Lt. Col. Henry Blake and Dr. Trapper John McIntyre, M*A*S*H

Moments ago I mentioned I tried not to pick characters that got killed off, which is why I didn’t pick Tasha Yar from Star Trek: The Next Generation (which was as nonsensical a decision as an actor could make, leaving a show midway in its first season — at least Christopher Eccleston sticks out the whole season) or Jadzia Dax from Deep Space Nine (though, why she couldn’t have stayed for one more season is beyond me), or anyone from Farscape or NCIS or 24 or other shows that solve their problems by killing off characters (not that Farscape did that).  Similarly, it would have been wistfully childish or childishly wistful to include characters that leave a show because the actor who portrays that role dies in real life, such as Bill McNeal from Newsradio or Coach from Cheers or Nick Yemana from Barney Miller or even Mr. Hooper from Sesame Street.  Sure, it would have been nice if they had lived, but more so that their families could have them around than more episodes of fake television.  (I still feel bad my first reaction in late 2016 when hearing of the passing of Carrie Fisher was, “oh no, what about Episode 9?”)

Even so, you may think I am now cheating my own arbitrary selection standards by picking Henry Blake from M*A*S*H.  However, if you take the whole M*A*S*H experience together (by which I mean the book series, including those not by Richard Hooker or whatever his real name was), sprinkle in a possibly-canonical moment from The Carol Burnett Show, and you come to know Henry Blake was not killed after all.  This still does not lessen the impact of his final episode in the series for me, and I still will only watch it when we do whole-series run-throughs every few years.  Most of you will disagree with me, and that’s fine.

The point remains: Henry should have stuck around longer.  Again, that does not mean I don’t like Col. Potter or think Henry is “better” than Col. Potter.  Similarly, I’m not saying Trapper is “better” than B.J.  M*A*S*H did a fantastic job replacing characters with almost exact opposite personalities, which was brilliant for the life of the show and the wellbeing of the fans and their affections.  Admittedly, part of the reason I like Henry and Trapper is because I like the comedic nature of their era so much.  Most of my favorite M*A*S*H episodes come from their era because they are so funny, and still so after countless watchings.  That’s not a knock against the Potter/Hunnicutt/Winchester era — I am still impressed by what they did during the more dramatic tenor in the latter seasons, especially as the creative team intentionally did episodes similar in plotlines to early series episodes but instead of dealing with the ideas comically, they dealt with them seriously, focusing on more realistic implications and consequences.  That is great, and though I don’t dwell as much in seasons seven through eleven as I do one through six, I still enjoy those episodes.  Still and all, though, the early comedic era is what I prefer.

This is not to say my fondness for Henry and Trapper is solely dependent upon the tenor of their tenure: quite the contrary, in fact.  I think the best moments Henry has, for example, are those rare opportunities when McLean Stevenson gets to play him seriously and intelligently, such as when Henry tells Hawkeye the two rules he knows in “Sometimes You Hear the Bullet” or the strong leadership he exhibits briefly in scattered moments such as “Divided We Stand” and “O.R.” and “Aid Station.”  “Life with Father” is an almost-perfect Henry episode except for his brief outburst after his phone call to his wife.  Many of his best moments are in season three, indeed, and sadly, just as his character was finally getting some growth and development, he’s gone.

Similar is Trapper John McIntyre.  His best moments are in season three, and just when we are starting to see him get some much-deserved life and screen time, he’s gone.  Trapper shines in episodes such as “Kim,” “Check-up,” “Bulletin Board,” and “Radar’s Report.”  (Couple of season two episodes, come to think of it — why didn’t they build on that?)  I can understand why Wayne Rogers and McLean Stevenson would want to leave, especially Wayne Rogers: if you are promised you are going to co-star in a show about two main doctors and suddenly you are not just second fiddle but oftentimes more the page turner, and if you can make a lot more money as a financial investment expert without having to act in the difficult conditions on set during the making of the series, yeah, I would probably do what he did as well.  And I can empathize with McLean Stevenson also: if my character was not getting the chance to grow and behave intelligently enough, and I had the opportunity to move from third fiddle to star of my own show, I’d probably consider taking off for potentially greener pastures just as he did.

However, as a fan of the show, and a fan of those characters, I wish they had either stuck around longer to give us more episodes building upon their growth and development as rounded personalities, or at least gotten some better scenes.  At least Trapper could have had some more of the funny lines instead of Hawkeye all the time.   Though, if you ask me which episodes I’d change, I couldn’t really name them offhand.  I’d have to assess that on an episode-by-episode basis, which I will do for my forthcoming M*A*S*H book.

Speaking of which, as a bit of a related aside, I have often thought how different the show would have been had the main group of nurses featured throughout the first season stayed at the camp.  I understand there’s an element of realism in their departure, since M*A*S*H units tended to have much faster personnel turnover rates than the fictional 4077th did, and from a similar “hungry for fame” reason I can understand why Marcia Strassman would want to branch out.  And as above, I do not mean to imply I don’t like Bigelow or Kellye or Gage or Sheila or Baker or Jo Ann or Wilson — certainly not.  I have already intimated I really enjoy series that keep their extended universe of characters around and let them grow and thrive along with the main cast.  And while Hawkeye and the producers basically cut all ties with the first season nursing staff in “Ceasefire,” imagine how different the show would have been had Ginger, Nancy, Margie Cutler, Barbara, Dish, and Leslie stuck around for a while, preferably adding in the other nurses as well, possibly alternating episodes as different shifts much like the doctors did.  Again, I understand how that would have fundamentally changed the show, and I can’t really point to a lot of episodes specifically and declare “this would have been better with this group of nurses instead” … except for one.  As great as “The Nurses” is, had it been nurses we already knew, perhaps building that tension up over the season, man, that could have been even better — and you wouldn’t have needed to change one of Margaret’s great lines.  But I digress.  I’ll put it in my book.  This was supposed to be about Henry and Trapper.

The real heartbreak for me about Trapper and Henry, beyond the eternal wistful desire for more/better episodes for them, is the fact the show actually did this kind of character development from the beginning for Col. Potter and B.J.  With the notable exception of the episode “Hawkeye” (and discrete others, to be sure), season four to the end significantly backed away from Hawkeye’s character as the main character and allowed others to dominate episodes.  Sure, a good deal of this was Alan Alda doing more behind-the-scenes work, but if he was going to do that anyway, why couldn’t it have happened while enabling Henry and Trapper to grow?  Ah, well.  Again, I’m glad it happened so Col. Potter and B.J. could grow and thrive, truly I am.  I just think Henry and Trapper left the show too soon.

C’est la tee-vee.

I’m sure you have a drastically different list of characters and shows from which their departures were too soon.  I would have also appreciated Farrah Forke sticking around Wings longer, for example, or Thomas Hayden Church for that matter.  Or Monk’s first-season theme song.  I’d be glad to hear from you about other characters in other shows that may have benefitted from more episodes or at least better utilization of them while they were around.  That was basically Khandi Alexander’s reason for leaving Newsradio (as well as her character’s reason for leaving), and it’s difficult to disagree with her.  I did not include her here because I thought we had a good run with her character anyway, though I would not have minded more Catherine Duke around station WNYX.  Tell me some others, preferably from shows I’ve never seen — as difficult as it is to believe, I haven’t seen them all.

At this point, my idea for the next entry in this series is a bit of a twist, something like “not a moment too soon: characters that should have left earlier,” if I can find some way of doing it without sounding mean-spirited.  While that sounds like a total break from what the series is about, it’s my series and I can do what I want with it.  Not to sound mean-spirited.  Just let me grow and develop, unlike the characters discussed above.

Who’s Your James Bond?

Destiny Phillips Coats

Who is James Bond? James Bond is a sixty-four-year-old British secret service agent, played by six different film actors since his birth in the first Ian Fleming novel of 1953. Because the James Bond character in the novels has been so memorable, the actors who have played this character have been so as well. Anyone who is a Bond fan probably has his own personal favorite “James Bond.” So again, the question is posed: Who is James Bond to you? Is he Sean Connery, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan, or Daniel Craig? This article will walk through which actors played in which movies, which novels those movies spun from, details about the contracts the actors had to sign to play the character, and who is arguably the most famous “James Bond” and why.

From my last set of research, I learned there were 39 novels and 26 films about James Bond’s many adventures. With my most recent research, I have learned there are 42 novels and 25 James Bond films. Because books can cover much more than a movie in greater detail, the films do not hit on every single escapade of Mr. Bond. A few of the films were also remakes of the same excursions as previous movies. All the movies are inspired by the films directly. Most are directly titled after the book they seek to visualize. In the case of Skyfall, there is no Fleming novel entitled Skyfall but many of the scenes and themes are redone from previous films. For example, Bond appearing dead and receiving an obituary is taken from the story You Only Live Twice.

The first actor to take to the screen as James Bond is Sean Connery. Connery’s first Bond film was Dr. No in 1962. He was born to a working-class family in 1930 in Edinburgh, Scotland. He joined the Royal Navy when he was just 16 years old. While in the navy, he got two tattoos. One reads “Mum and Dad” and the other “Scotland Forever.” A stomach ulcer cut his military service shorter than he intended. Upon moving back home, Connery took on many trades. To balance his work life, he took up bodybuilding as a hobby. This would be the bridge that would cross him into acting. Connery’s highlight of his bodybuilding career was his third-place achievement in the Mr. Universe competition in the year 1950. After this success, it took eight years of modeling, small theatrical parts, and work for him to land a supporting role in Another Time, Another Place with actress Lana Turner. This success got him to his first James Bond movie that would change his life forever. Sean Connery would go on to play in five more Bond films and 43 other movies. Connery is said to be one of the greatest actors of all time, earning an Academy Award, two BAFTA awards, three Golden Globes, and knighted Sir Thomas Sean Connery by Queen Elizabeth. Connery is a true testament of how hard work, determination, and humble beginnings can aid anyone in reaching one’s goals.

Five out of six actors who played 007 starred in more than one movie. The famed one-hit wonder who played Mr. Bond is George Lazenby. Lazenby is also the only Bond actor who is not of British Isle decent. Born in 1939 in Australia, Lazenby peaked in his acting career as James Bond at age 29 in the 1969 film On Her Majesty’s Secret Service. With no prior movie roles, Lazenby was a used car salesman who had a small screen career appearing on television commercials for Big Fry’s chocolate bars. Like Connery, George Lazenby had a pretty successful modeling career in London prior to his role as James Bond. When Lazenby heard the news of Connery’s departure from the film series, he did his best to earn the role as Mr. Bond. Buying a tux, Rolex, and getting a haircut like Connery before auditioning for the role all paid off for Mr. Lazenby. After the success of landing the role passed, things no longer looked up for him as Mr. Bond. George Lazenby did not get along with the directors of the film nor his co-stars. He accused Diana Rigg of eating garlic on purpose before their kissing scenes. After the film was released, he received nothing but bad press. He was called a mediocre replacement to the great Sean Connery. A quotation from an article on BBC America explains Lazenby’s departure from the Bond series in more detail:

Lazenby announced that, despite being offered a contract calling for him to perform additional Bond films, he was departing the role. Lazenby’s agent seemingly had convinced him that Bond wasn’t cool enough to survive into the sure-to-be even more swinging 1970s and that he was made for even bigger things. The Bond series producers, already fed up with Lazenby’s oversized sense of entitlement, were happy to see him go.

His prediction about the success of the series could not have been more wrong. After his negative publicity from the film, Lazenby struggled to find other roles.

The third actor to take to the silver screen the same amount of times as Sean Connery is Roger Moore. Moore, now 89, starred in his first bond film Live and Let Die in 1973 at the age of 46. Moore was born in England in 1927. His acting career started in the ’40s and ’50s during his appearances on Broadway. Like Connery, Moore quit school and began work at Publicity Picture Productions at age 15. He started there as an animation apprentice. This would seem like a dream job a young actor would do everything possible not to ruin. Unfortunately, Roger Moore got himself fired shortly after getting hired. Based on his looks, he landed a small role in his first film Caesar and Cleopatra in 1945. Based on his performance in this film, the director decided to enroll and fund him at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts. Like many young men living during this time, his career was cut short due to the military draft. At age 18 Moore was stationed in Germany for three years. There he married his first wife of four. After serving his time, he went back to London to continue his career as an actor. He landed a role on The World by the Tail, which made his acting career take off. He signed a contract with MGM for $250 a week but was cut short because of the lack of popularity his films had at MGM. He later signed with Warner Bros. With them he started acting as a television star on The Alaskans and The Saint, the series that landed him the role of James Bond.

Similar to George Lazenby, Timothy Dalton did not have an extremely successful Bond career. Dalton starred in two James Bond movies starting with The Living Daylights in 1987. Dalton, born in 1946 in Wales, was a Shakespearean actor who landed a role in The Lion in Winter in 1946. His role in sci-fi show Flash Gordon landed him his role as James Bond. At a young age, many thought Dalton would join the military and serve like his father. After seeing a performance of Shakespeare’s Macbeth at 16 years old, Dalton made a career of performing in theater. After much success as a young adult, Dalton was approached about succeeding Connery in the James Bond series at 22; however, he turned the offer down because of his young age and experience. Despite his initial “no,” he developed his talent to a place he thought was good enough for the Bond franchise and played 007 19 years later. His first Bond film was a success though the second was a flop, causing his five-film contract to fall by the wayside.

Mr. Pierce Brosnan, born in Ireland in 1953, assumed his role as James Bond in 1995. Brosnan played in four Bond films starting with GoldenEye. After a rough childhood in Ireland, Brosnan moved to London and joined a theater school. Studying there and landing several roles on London’s stage, he moved to Los Angeles, where he starred as the lead role in the detective series Remington Steele. He received an offer in 1986 to play Bond while in his contract with Remington Steele. Because he could not get out of it, his first opportunity as Mr. Bond passed him by. After the show ended, he finally landed a role as 007 after his success with American film projects in between. After his four successful films, he decided to pass the torch to the most recent Bond film star, Daniel Craig.

Finally, my personal favorite, Daniel Craig assumed the role of James Bond in 2006 in the film remake of David Niven’s spoof Casino Royale. Born in Chester, England in 1968, Craig moved to London at age 16 to join a performing arts school. His first performance in a film was The Power of One in 1992. His career took off after the miniseries Our Friends in the North. This contract landed Craig many more film opportunities that put his career on a linear path to stardom. After working with Stephen Spielberg on the film Munich, Craig landed his role in 2006 as 007. After performing in four successful Bond films, questions of his return to the series or a new Mr. Bond are still in the balance.

Most millennials would probably call Daniel Craig or Pierce Brosnan their “James Bond.” Does this mean the younger generations cannot truly appreciate the personality, style, and artistry the other four great film stars gave to Mr. Bond before these two?  No, of course not. It is simply a matter of opinion. The best part about this opinion question is, no matter who a person calls Mr. Bond, all six actors brought 007 to life in a way only Ian Fleming himself could have anticipated. They are in sync with how he claimed his novels would affect the spy entertainment category: “I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories,” he said, and the James Bond novels and films have done just that.


Bibliography

“Daniel Craig.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 2 Nov. 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

“The Official Website of Sir Sean Connery.” Sean Connery.com, 11 Dec. 2016. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

“Order of James Bond Books.” OrderOfBooks.com. Order of Books, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

“Pierce Brosnan.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 2 Apr. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

“Roger Moore.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 4 Nov. 2015. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

Rozen, Leah. “50 Years of James Bond: George Lazenby, One-Hit Wonder?.” BBC America. New Video Channel America, n.d. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

“Timothy Dalton.” Biography.com. A&E Networks Television, 14 Oct. 2014. Web. 11 Dec. 2016.

The Origin of Bond

Destiny Phillips Coats

“Name’s Bond. James Bond,” is one of many famous quotations from Ian Fleming’s 1953 novel character James Bond or agent 007, a British secret intelligence agent. Ian Fleming was born on May 28, 1908 in London, England. Fleming’s book character has taken the entertainment world by storm over the last 64 years. Fleming’s exciting adventures of James Bond have inspired many other writers to develop exciting narratives about Mr. Bond that would also enthrall its audiences. EON Productions, a film production company, is known for producing films associated with James Bond and his many endeavors. Most of the world is familiar with these films, but not so much with the origins of Mr. James Bond found in the original novels by Ian Fleming. This essay seeks to inform readers of the origin and development of its beloved hero, Mr. 007.

To know where the character came from, we must uncover what inspired the author. Believe it or not, Ian Fleming himself and some of his friends were his inspiration for James Bond. Fleming served in the British Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, where he met many agents from his division and elsewhere that were involved in similar adventures as his character 007 would be. He chose this subtle name, Mr. James Bond, to contrast the exciting adventures he would have on his many missions. Fleming once said, “When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be an extremely dull, uninteresting man to whom things happened; I wanted him to be a blunt instrument … when I was casting around for a name for my protagonist I thought by God, (James Bond) is the dullest name I ever heard.” Ian Fleming gave 007 many similar attributes and likes he himself had. For example, Mr. Bond’s love for gold and gambling were inherited from his author Mr. Fleming. Fleming used names of friends, acquaintances, and old lovers as names for supporting characters in his books. Fleming’s real life and friends played a big role in the making of the most famous secret agent story of all time. Fleming is quoted proclaiming the future success of Mr. Bond to one of his friends saying, “I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories.” Whether they believed him then or not, it is obvious to us he spoke nothing but the truth.

Fleming wrote the first book, Casino Royale, while in Jamaica in 1952 with his pregnant fiancée. After two months of writing, Fleming asked his friend William Plomer to proof his story. Plomer enjoyed the manuscript. Fleming took his novel to Jonathan Cope who did not like the book very much. On the word of Fleming’s brother Peter, an accredited author, Fleming’s first novel was published in 1953 by Gildrose Publications under Mr. Cope. Jonathan Cope would then publish all of Fleming’s works as the years went on. Because of the success of his book, Fleming bought the publication company. Gildrose desired to have many authors pen stories of James Bond under a common name “Robert Markham,” but unfortunately the idea fell through. Fleming wrote ten James Bond novels and two short story compilations over 12 years.

Ian Fleming died of a heart attack in 1964 as a result of a drinking and smoking problem. Despite his death, Ian Fleming’s legacy lived on among other writers such as Christopher Wood and Kingsley Amis. In his honor, the publishing company was renamed Ian Fleming Publications in 1999. Gildrose honored Fleming’s wishes to not let the James Bond legacy die by handpicking authors to continue the serious up to the present time.

The next James Bond author was John Gardner. Gildrose Publication signed a contract with Mr. Gardner in 1981. He then wrote 16 James Bond novels, two of which became films made by EON Productions. His last Bond novel was published in 1996. Gildrose asked Raymond Benson, an American, to write the next series of Bond novels. Like Gardner, Benson was asked to bring James Bond into the modern era. He did this; however, he was criticized for Americanizing Mr. Bond. Despite criticism, he was praised for returning to Fleming’s original James Bond roots. He wrote his first novel, Zero Minus Ten, in 1997. Benson left Ian Fleming Publications in 2002 after three of his novels were made into films. The next three novelists chosen by Ian Fleming Publications contributed one novel each to the James Bond series. The most recent novelist, Anthony Horowitz, was tasked with creating the thirty-ninth James Bond novel. He used compilations of Fleming’s short stories for inspirations to create the most recent Bond book, Trigger Mortis, released in September 2015. As Ian Fleming Publications has maintained the written Bond series over the last 64 years, EON Productions took on the task of turning James Bond’s adventures on paper into a visual fantasy land for all to emjoy for decades.

Based on Fleming’s novels, James Bond was visually developed in his first film Dr. No in 1962 by EON Productions. Bond’s appearance according to the book and even more so in the movies are a fitted suit, gun, fancy car, and cool gadgets. Iconic images of James Bond include him in a suit with either a cigarette, gun, alcoholic beverage in hand, or a combination of the three. There have been eight actors who have played the character of James Bond on screen in a total of 25 movies and 1 spoof over the last 54 years. The first being Sean Connery, then David Niven, George Lazenby, Roger Moore, Timothy Dalton, Pierce Brosnan, and, most recently, Daniel Craig.  Four other men have been noted for portraying James Bond on the radio and in the first television episodes: Barry Nelson, Bob Holness, Christopher Cazenove, Michael Jayston, and Toby Stephens. Often the changing of an actor to the same character can anger and cause distaste for the series with the public. However, the love for James Bond has only grown over the years to the point his actors will be remembered and honored for all time.

Sean Connery, the first face of James Bond, is arguably the most famous 007 actor. In his first film, Dr. No in 1962, the classic James Bond theme music was played. This music was written by Monty Norman and performed by the John Barry Orchestra. Another essential of the Bond movies is a song played by a well-known artist during the title sequence of the production. The most recent song was Sam Smith’s “Writings on the Wall” in the 2015 bond film Spectre. These songs have become not only hits by the artists who sing them but also will forever be symbols of James Bond productions.

Classic James Bond items like his gun, car, and gadgets have changed over the course of Fleming’s writings in the ’50s and ’60s and the movie adaptations from the ’60s to the present. For example, a fan of the Bond novels in the ’50s, Geoffrey Boothroyd, suggested a change to Fleming of Bond’s weapon, the Beretta 418, because it was a “lady’s gun.”

In thanks, Fleming gave the MI6 Armorer in his novels the name Major Boothroyd and, in Dr. No, M introduces him to Bond as “the greatest small-arms expert in the world.” Bond also used a variety of rifles, including the Savage Model 99 in “For Your Eyes Only” and a Winchester .308 target rifle in “The Living Daylights.” Other handguns used by Bond in the Fleming books included the Colt Detective Special and a long-barreled Colt .45 Army Special (Daily News Dig).

Also Bond’s cars have ranged from Bentley to bus and BMW to Aston Martin.

Bond’s most famous car is the silver gray Aston Martin DB5, first seen in Goldfinger; it later featured in Thunderball, GoldenEye, Tomorrow Never Dies, Casino Royale and Skyfall. The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filming and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector (Daily News Dig).

Interestingly, Fleming’s novels and first screenplays consisted of very few gadgets. The films developed by EON Productions are what we thank for the extensive and exciting briefings with Q Branch, Bond’s tech support from whom agent 007 receives his many trinkets that aid him in fighting crime and completing his missions. Thanks to the creativity of Ian Fleming, his fans, Ian Fleming Publications, and EON Productions, we have a series that has lived on for over 60 years and hopefully will continue for generations to come.

Novel after novel and movie after movie, James Bond has landed a place in the hearts of men, women, and children from 1953 to 2017. Over the course of these 64 years, James Bond has been developed by 7 authors, 12 actors, one publishing company, and one entertainment group. There are 42 James Bond books and 26 films. A new James Bond actor is being chosen as of this writing, along with the making of another action-packed film. Unlike many other series, James Bond is an entertaining work known for being adapted by many. Ian Fleming meant it when he said, “I am going to write the spy story to end all spy stories,” and we can all agree that this is exactly what he did.

Bibliography

Daily News Dig. “James Bond History — Discover The Secret Agent’s Origins And More.” Daily News Dig. Daily News Dig, 29 Nov. 2013. Web. 09 Oct. 2016.

Fandom. “James Bond Books.” James Bond Wiki. Wikia, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2016.

“James Bond — Ian Fleming.” Ian Fleming. Ian Fleming Publications, 2016. Web. 09 Oct. 2016.

“Who Played James Bond: A Complete History.” Who Played James Bond: A Complete History. 007 James, n.d. Web. 09 Oct. 2016.

Review of Is Genesis History?

Seraphim Hamilton

The following review was published on Seraphim’s Web site Apologia Pro Ortho Doxa in late February 2017.

I went last night to see the special showing of the new creationist documentary Is Genesis History? The film represents a major improvement upon previous creationist documentaries because those interviewed represent intellectual honesty, creativity, and the best in modern creationism. Kurt Wise, Arthur Chadwick, and Todd Wood are all prominently featured. This makes the film an excellent introduction for those interested in the state of creationist scientific argument today. But even referring to this as a scientific “argument” somewhat misstates the nature of this work, because it is not principally about apologetics. Instead, it represents the classical Christian view of scholarship: faith seeking understanding. Beginning from a position of trust in the God who gave the Scriptures, these scientists seek to understand Earth history simply because of the joy of understanding the creation of the Almighty.

We are introduced to Steve Austin and Andrew Snelling’s fascinating work on the sedimentary record, showing that there are certain features of that record which imply rapid deposition on a worldwide scale. For example, major sedimentary layers in the Americas have counterparts not only across the American continent, but across all continents. This is very significant: instead of arguing, as older creationists unsuccessfully did, that the geologic column is simply a fiction, these scientists point to the very existence of a worldwide pattern in deposition as evidence that the deposition must substantially be the product of a worldwide catastrophe. Indeed, the fact that there is a geologic column is powerful evidence of a flood. Moreover, between sedimentary layers are “unconformities,” thought to represent hundreds of millions of years of “missing time” where there was no sedimentary deposition. Yet, the surfaces of the sedimentary rocks are relatively flat, which is difficult to account for if there were millions of years of weathering and erosion.

Dr. Kurt Wise, arguably the founder of the modern creationist movement, takes a look at fossils, suggesting that the order of fossils in the record are the result of a succession of ecological zones in the antediluvian world. The suggestion that a flood would deposit fossils in mixed heaps simply misunderstands how sedimentation works: floods bury animals basically in place. They don’t float around in the water for an extensive period of time before being buried from fossils from other areas. Since the original creation was created with zones in place, the antediluvian world had an intelligently organized ecosystem with different zones, instead of the modern ecological system, which represents the contingent events of post-flood dispersion and intrabaraminic diversification.

Dr. Todd Wood looks at the creationist view of the kind, or baramin, suggesting that the creationist “kind” is roughly on the level of the biological family, and that after the flood, there was rapid and significant diversification. He extends this to humankind, noting that statistical baraminology, which was developed before it was applied to humans and generally identifies the baramin along the lines of the family, generates a real distinction between humans and other apes, confirming a key creationist prediction. I wish the editors of the film included more material dealing with Wood’s arguments, because it is essential to note that the mechanism of diversification in the creationist model is not Darwinian, but epigenetic. God intentionally frontloaded information into all baramins giving them an intrinsic potential for diversity.

Finally, the film looks to the history of the Tower of Babel, interviewing Douglas Petrovich. It is here that I disagree with the arguments set forth. Dr. Petrovich is a defender of the conventional chronology of the ancient world, which is irreconcilable with the biblical chronology. His archaeological setting of Babel at Eridu cannot be sustained within a creationist framework, because the archaeological context is post-Stone Age. On the creationist model, Stone Age remains postdate the dispersion from Babel. The life of Abraham (archaeologically the late Chalcolithic) occurs merely centuries after the end of the Stone Age, and the traces of Stone Age culture in Genesis are significant — note the use of caves by Abraham and Lot’s home in a cave. These were used by early settlers after Babel until populations were sufficiently large to construct advanced cities — which is misinterpreted by modern anthropologists as the invention of agriculture and civilization. This means that the remains of Babel must predate the so-called Paleolithic, and will likely be conventionally dated anywhere from 200,000 B.C. to 1,000,000 B.C. depending on one’s view of Neanderthals and other hominids. These are undoubtedly human, but I think they represent small dispersions from Babel before the main dispersion. During the time when the majority of the human family lived together in the Near East, I suggest that they homogenized into H. Sapiens, as other families who had left beforehand, during the period of major intrabaraminic diversification, became H. Neanderthalensis, H. Erectus, H. Naledi, H. Floresiensis, and probably A. Sediba. Hence why these fossils generally predate the arrival of Sapiens. Local legends of a small, talking, clothed (speech and clothing are the biblical criteria for humanity) people on the island of Flores suggests that H. Floresiensis may have survived until about 200 years ago.

Anyway, this is to say that Petrovich simply cannot be correct.

Overall, I would highly recommend this film for an accurate, though somewhat dry, presentation of the state of creationist science today — but I would strongly recommend pursuing the writings of these scientists to gain a more comprehensive look.

Too Soon, pt. 1: ≤1 and Done

Christopher Rush

Welcome to part 1 of a non-committally “multi-part” series exploring a few television-related topics.  As we all know, in today’s break-neck-speed world of ratings, advertisements, and politically-correct-only viewpoints, sometimes shows get axed before they get a chance to shine.  Sometimes, this is a good thing.  I don’t watch a lot of contemporary programming, but I’ve seen a few halftime advertisements for programs that have made me (and surely us all) reflect “that won’t last,” and rightfully it doesn’t.  The other times, though, the decisions of powerful, nameless, soulless executives are just plain wrong: shows with great premises and engaging potential are ripped from our bosoms too soon and dashed upon the rocks of Impatience and Pecuniary Gluttony before our tear-sodden eyes.  I would like to reflect now upon a few of these shows that left us far too prematurely, either during their first season or only after one season (in mostly no particular order).

Honorable Mention: Firefly

I know, I know.  “Only honorable mention?!” you say.  “That’s the worst and/or best example of this problem!” you say.  Such have the people been saying for 15 years, including the other 75% of my birth family.  To be honest with you, loyal readers, I never watched Firefly until a few months ago, fifteen years “late.”  My family had even purchased the digital video discs of the series when it came out, which I have been carrying around for over a decade across three changes of address.  Finally, though, I popped them in and watched the series.  You know, it’s not too shabby after all.  It is a very rich universe with a great deal of potential, interesting conflicts and backstory, and a ragtag crew of disparate desperados, all led by the least-likable character on the show, Malcolm Reynolds, played by the least likable actor on the show, Nathan Fillion.  That his character is openly antagonistic toward religion is only icing on the cake.  I could never watch Castle, either.  I’m just not a Fillion-atic.  It breaks my heart he is portraying one of my favorite Marvel characters, Simon Williams (a.k.a. Wonder Man) in the upcoming Guardian of the Galaxy sequel (though, since they aren’t the real Guardians of the Galaxy, and the Ultimates Universe is mostly shash, it doesn’t matter).  Anyway, the series and the universe, despite Malcolm Reynolds, are intriguing.  The “everyone speaks Chinese” thing seemed farfetched for the not-too-distant future, but I suppose if some catastrophic event results in the West and China uniting, I could see it happening, sure.  The thing that bothered me the most about the show is the best character, Kaylee, is treated horribly by practically everyone, including the writers/producers.  No one appreciated or talked to her appropriately, and the backstory and occasional dialogue by and from her from the lesser-skilled writers was really a low point.  On the other hand, as I said, the interesting universe and its many layers of conflicts, especially the absence of aliens, the sci-fi/Western milieu, the odd mix of moral codes in the crew and universe as a whole, plus the “who are they really?” about most of the crew all indeed make for a good time and an experience that should have lasted much longer than it did.  I agree.  It’s not the bee’s knees, but it is a good idea.  It certainly could be easily expanded by books and cartoons and comics and a whole slew of things, but if mastermind Joss Whedon wants to keep it all locked up in his secret vault where only he can take it out and pet it and hug and kiss it, so be it.

12. Ellery Queen

This may be the least-painful entry on the list, not because it is first but because the safety net is indeed the largest: even though the fantastic 1975-1976 television show Ellery Queen lasted for only one season, the only entry on this list I wasn’t alive to see the first time around, the entire Ellery Queen Universe consists of, what, a couple of radio series, a couple of television series, some films, comics, a magazine that’s been going on since World War 2, and a whole lot of novels and short stories.  This may be of small comfort (as it is with the heart-breakingly-too-soon-cancelled Nero Wolfe series), if your main attraction to the Ellery Queen series is the performance of Timothy Hutton’s dad Jim Hutton and David Wayne as Ellery Queen’s father Richard Queen.  Much like the interplay of Timothy Hutton and Maury Chaykin in Nero Wolfe, the highlight of the show is the two leads acting with each other.  The mysteries are usually interesting, sure, and the semi-regular guest appearance of John Hillerman as Simon Brimmer (created just for this incarnation of Ellery Queen) is marvelous (especially as it adds to this series’ more comical-but-not-slapstick interpretation of Ellery Queen), and the “hey, it’s that one used-to-be-famous guy and gal!” seven times over per episode guest cast (like Murder, She Wrote used a decade later) is delightful for fans of television-radio-movie history.  But the real treat, as I said, was the chemistry between Jim Hutton and David Wayne, and we, frankly, deserved several more seasons of it than just one.  The stories already existed.  The Used-To-Be Actors and Actresses were aplenty.  It could have lasted.

11. 13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo

Surely, several one-season-only fine cartoon shows could qualify for consideration here, especially if made by Hanna-Barbera: Herculoids, Hong Kong Phooey, Hair Bear Bunch (and others that doesn’t start with “h”).  Pirates of Dark Water, for example, was the impetus for this article, but since it technically is more than one season, it ironically does not qualify (and deserves its own article for its sheer greatness anyway — stay tuned).  13 Ghosts of Scooby-Doo only qualifies for this list because, while it may have been complete as a one-season show, it did not get its chance to finish the story, which is horrible.  As you know, I’m not a huge fan of scary things, but this show, a few notches above the usual dark mystery of Scooby-Doo shows that almost always say “supernatural dangers have naturalistic explanations,” is distinctly in the vein of “supernatural dangers are supernatural indeed” and works very well, even though it should be a prime example of everything we harangued against a few issues ago (sixteen ago, to be precise).  With Vincent Price along, Scooby and Shaggy and Velma and some kid named Flim Flam put right what once went wrong (you can probably guess who’s to blame) in the harried nether realms of the Himalayas.  All we needed was a few more episodes and it would have been all finished — why cancel a show three or four (or possibly even only 2 very full) episodes before it could finish telling its story?

10. Push, Nevada

This rather bizarre gimmick of a show mixed iceberg-like mystery (there’s much more under the surface) with play-at-home game show.  This one’s definitely not for kids: it’s possible the inhabitants of Twin Peaks, Washington would feel uneased in this goofy ol’ town.  A mysterious fax (I think that’s Old Tongue for “printed out e-mail”?) shows up in mild-mannered IRS Agent Jim Prufrock’s office and right away you’re thinking “hey, that’s a name from that poem” and suddenly things get weird.  But not only is it a show about a mystery and bizarre things going on in Push, Nevada (things of Modernist Poetry and Classical Greek Drama subject matter, which can never be good for anyone involved), it is also a play-along-at-home follow-the-clues adventure.  This gimmick (and I don’t use that pejoratively here) was pretty clever — not original, not unique, but clever.  The show had a self-determined end point: it had a whole mystery to uncover and reveal, an end and purpose, but that was apparently not good enough for the impetuous Decision Makers and Plug Pullers of 2002.  Oh, sure, they revealed the rest of the clues for the play-at-home game show, and some eagle-eyed viewer won a thousand bajillion dollars, but for me that was not the point of the show.  I wanted to know where the show was going, and I didn’t care too much about the prize money.  Apparently, I was alone.  Not even co-creator Ben Affleck seems to have anything to say about the show part, such as where the mystery was going.  Pity, that.  I still want to know what was supposed to happen.

9. Police Squad!

I admit this is the one show on the list for which I was alive but not old enough to watch when it first came out, which is partly why the list is limited in its way, but having seen the episodes multiple times, I still cannot fathom why this series is only six episodes long.  Sure, it has running gags, but those running gags do not prevent anyone from understanding 99.9% of that particular episode.  Surely its appeal to me is its alignment with the kind of verbal, intelligent humor I prefer, but its admixture of nonsensical visual gags is somehow over-the-top without being too much or too obvious.  It is a sort of intelligent slapstick that does not resort to the painful Three’s Company-type “humor” (no offense to Three’s Company fans).  It must be the only series to be longer (total minutes-wise) in its motion picture incarnation than in its episodic television incarnation.  As Barney Miller proved, a humorous cop show has great potential and longevity — and Barney Miller almost never left the squad room in eight seasons!  This series had so many positive things going for it.  It was just too smart for its time, apparently.  For those who have trouble associating “smart” with Naked Gun, go back to the original Police Squad! and see what comedy gold was there from the beginning.

8. Space Rangers

Another but six-episode series, this science-fiction romp likewise had great potential.  It has not aged nearly as well as Police Squad!, that is true, even though it is a decade younger, and it has clearly been surpassed by others of its ilk (obviously Deep Space Nine and Babylon 5), but Space Rangers had a certain I-don’t-know-what. Perhaps it tried too hard: the production demands with a technology that wasn’t quite there yet, the terminology of the universe, the outfits … but still.  Its main cast is a veritable “hey, it’s that one guy/gal!” collection.  It’s about the space station and dangers of the frontier and enemies close to home, but it’s also a world that isn’t nearly so refined as either the Star Trek or even Babylon 5 universes, and that ruggedness had a wide-open field for storytelling and character development.  This show should either never have been made or allowed to go for many seasons.

7. Covington Cross

The 1992-’93 television season was an interesting time.  Some excellent shows began then: Batman: The Animated Series, X-Men, Highlander: The Series, Goof Troop, among others.  Some not great shows began then (let’s not mention any).  And there was #8 on our list as well as #7, Covington Cross.  Speaking of “hey, it’s that one guy/gal!” shows, this is Britain’s version, with famous British people, starring the great Nigel Terry.  With the freedom of Generic Medieval Setting, Covington Cross had no historical boundaries or chronological limitations requiring it do this or not do that other than Be Medieval.  With Nigel Terry.  Unlike all the Serious Time Dramas with Some Comedy, Covington Cross did not have a set story it had to tell: it could just be something fun and different and clever, and boy was it clever.  Go read the plot description of the pilot episode and most of you will think “oh, that’s like that other popular medieval drama that’s all the rage these days,” but then you’ll see the date and realize, “oh, that’s four years before the first book came out!”  Like Police Squad!, Covington Cross was just ahead of its time — too good, too clever, too expensive.  Ironically, the thing that seemed to irk Thomas Paine so much, about England ruining America (or whatever he called it) because England was running America from afar seems to be the inverse of this show: America ruining England’s Covington Cross because American ran England’s Covington Cross from afar.  This was a good show, and if I could understand that before my teens, surely other people could have understood that as well.  Did I mention it had Nigel Terry?

6. Dark Skies

Similar to and unlike what we just said, Dark Skies took on the challenge of telling the story of modern America from a different perspective: the right one, in which so many of the major events of modern America happened because of … aliens.  I’m not a huge fan of alternative history, but Dark Skies was a good mix of history and revision and scary alien menace.  Perhaps you think I’m describing some X-Files knock-off.  No, you’re thinking of X-Files seasons 9 and 10.  But seriously folks, Dark Skies should not be remembered as an X-Files knock-off.  It had some similar ideas, sure, but unlike X-Files, which was all some secret malarkey that changed every couple of seasons and our heroes were never to know about it, in Dark Skies our heroes get on the inside track from the very first episode and spend the whole time trying to learn more about it and get better prepared to actually fight it.  It’s like a sensible fan’s response to what we wanted to see in X-Files: the good guys actually being allowed to fight the future.  If this got cancelled because it was “too much like X-Files,” whoever made that decision clearly did not understand either X-Files or Dark Skies.  Recently, I saw a soupçon of the five-year plan for this show: twenty years after the show came and went too soon, I was re-angered by the idiocy of the Decision Makers who cancelled this show, knowing as they did what was in store for this show and what incredibly intelligent places it was going (significantly different from how it began in season one).  It was going to grow and change and re-invent itself and do all the things J.J. Abrams’s shows get credit for inventing a half a decade before Felicity.  Dark Skies took one of the clever-but-not-even-original ideas X-Files presented in a horribly frustrating way and did it in a more engaging and rewarding way, took what Falling Skies was going to do 15 years later and did it 15 years before, and a whole lot more.  It was going to be five seasons; it knew where it was going; it knew the story it had to tell.  What went wrong?  Where was the faith?  Where was the love?

5. Crusade

Speaking of 5-year plans, we should know by now if a show has a solid five-year plan and is allowed to work it to its fruition, we end up with something magical and exquisite.  Clearly, as always, I’m speaking of Babylon 5Farscape may or may not have had a five-year plan, but it needed its fifth season to finish telling its story fully, but, sadly, it didn’t get it.  NewsRadio as well.  Battlestar Galactica may or may not have had a plan, but it got to finish telling the story it wanted to tell, and those of us who are intelligent appreciated and enjoyed the conclusion to the story.  And then: sequel.  And/or: prequel.

I haven’t seen Caprica.  I probably won’t.  Ah, but Crusade!  Why was this cancelled?  If you are a sequel to the greatest show of all time, which, as we all know, Babylon 5 is, why would Decision Makers not give the Creative Team the benefit of the should-not-even-have-existed doubts and say “you just made us forever rich and famous and happy by giving us the best show ever, and since you want to continue the story/universe in a new and fresh way and actually know what you want to do and where you want to go, full speed ahead!” and instead say “you just et cetera et cetera et cetera too slow, I change my mind, it’s over before we can get to know everyone”?  Why would you (the third of the three different unnamed antecedents of “you” in the previous sentence) do such a ludicrous thing?  Have you (I’m talking to you, now, faithful reader) seen the cast list for this show?  This show discovered everyone!  (You’re probably thinking that argument will be used again soon in this list.)  I don’t understand.  No, Crusade is not Farscape — but even the first couple of post-pilot episodes of Farscape are “not Farscape” just yet anyway. Even that show had to find its identity.  And after Babylon 5, come on.  Crusade knew where it was going, and the Creative Team already proved it knew what it was doing.  This is possibly the most irksome entry on the list for me, since I know deeply it could have become something great given the opportunity, even with the monumental task of being a sequel of sorts to the greatest show of all time.

4. Mr. and Mrs. Murder

This is the most recently enjoyed series by me on the list, one my parents introduced to my wife and me earlier this year.  Coming to us from Australia, reminding you we at Redeeming Pandora are truly international, Mr. and Mrs. Murder was and is and always will be a very clever character-driven mystery show about a loving husband and wife couple (rather rare on television these days) who clean up crime scenes for a living.  Not like the CSI clean up teams, mind you, the actual cleaning up cleaning up people: the ones with mops, vacuums, wet wipes, and lots and lots of gloves.  Like most good mystery shows, the characters are very smart (another rare thing on television these days), well-read, well-rounded, somewhat flawed, quirky, very much in love, and very fun to watch.  Because the show comes to us from Australia, none of the American Television Company mantras and flaws are there (whether traditional or contemporary), and so even though it seems from afar to be overly-familiar-television-mystery fare, it uses those traditional mystery show tropes in fresh and clever ways.  It’s quite good.  Making the pain of its premature non-renewal even more painful, aside from how clever and enjoyable the show was right from its first episode, by the end of the season it had potentially given us a nemesis for our hero, Charlie (the “Mr.” of the title — the loving couple of cleaners-turned-amateur-sleuths).  And while shows like Bones and NCIS have proven the “nemesis of the season” idea can get tedious rather quickly, at least they had the opportunity to work it through.  This is a quintessential example of the “not enough viewers gets even very clever shows cancelled” heartbreaking disease so prominent today.  This show could have and should have gone on for quite some time.  Come on, Australia — what happened here?

3. Earth 2

For some inexplicable reason, Television Executives, those unimaginative soulless fiends to which we’ve been referring throughout this journey, continue to “green light” (as they say in the “biz”) science-fiction programs, even though these same Decision Makers apparently hate them passionately.  Travel back with me to the Golden Age of TV Sci-Fi, the late ’80s to the early ’00s, a time that gave us really great shows like TNG, DS9, Babylon 5, Farscape, Lexx, Quantum Leap, Stargate SG-1, and others.  We also had this overlooked gem.  Before Voyager, Lost, Terra Nova, and all the other more recent series that copied some of this potential great show (that, admittedly, borrowed from Battlestar Galactica, which is just the Aeneid in space anyway), Earth 2 gave us a diverse, intelligent show that fell prey to the Low Ratings Disease.  Shame on you, audiences: we had something potentially great in our hands and you (not me, since I watched it all) let it slip away.  This show had a little bit of just about everything you need for a good science fiction show: a ragtag crew far from home, religious conflicts, misunderstood aliens, cyborgs, disasters, internal strife, children as the last hope for humanity, and so much more.  Sure, when I put it like that it may sound like a hodgepodge of every science fiction show, but somehow it came across (to me, and not just because I was young) as something different, something that could have lasted much longer than one season.  There was great potential for so much, not just on the new planet but also back home — this could have given us many seasons of intrigue, mystery, action, adventure, romance, science, ecology, anti-colonialism, and so much more.  I guarantee if this show got rebooted intelligently today (by which I mean not in a heavy-handed “social issues are more important than people of faith” sort of way), it could work very well and perhaps tell its whole story, which surely would be an enjoyable story indeed.

2. The Good Guys

Clearly we live in a day in Television Land  in which “fresh, clever, morally upright ideas” are anathema, and “shoddily-rehashed superhero ideas” and “viscerally-appealing basest aspects of humanity are ‘good’” shows are praised and “green-lighted.”  Again.  And again.  And again.  It’s an odd mix, perhaps trying to tell us “normal people are bad but hey, that’s okay,” so “only supernatural beings are good, and since the supernatural is a hollow lie, no good exists for real.”  Inexplicably to intelligent people, the other people in this world tell us shows like Breaking Bad, Damages, Guilt, Scandal, Revenge, Dirt, Dexter, The Sopranos, Desperate Housewives, and a whole slew of other shows focusing on protagonists doing horribly evil things are “great” and “groundbreaking” and other sorts of positive superlatives, and these same people then ask in all sincerity, “why are human beings so bad and hateful and angry and selfish all the time?”  These are the same people, mind you, who tell us “people are cosmic accidents from dust and monkeys with no purpose or hope” and then, still in all sincerity wonder “why do people kill and hate and lie and steal and destroy?”  Then they usually mention the calendar year, as if that has some bearing on the argument.

Enter (six years ago at the time of this writing), a very fresh and entertaining (if somewhat saucy at times) relief from such a world: a show in which the heroes care about doing good, making the world a better place, and keeping us safe from people who want us to be unsafe.  The show was a frenetic mix of a lot of different things: you’ve got the beloved ’80s mismatched cop duo idea (one cop is stuck in the ’70s days of shoot first, massage the evidence, drive fast, smoke and drink and be foxy, and, if time, ask questions if it’s not too late but since your intuition is usually right you don’t need to ask questions anyway sort of cop, combined with the young, up-and-coming technology savvy, politically astute, by-the-book cop), an ethnic lady of ethnicity in charge of the police force that should have appeased the group that needs appeasing by that sort of thing, heroes with lots of flaws and moral ambiguity, a quirky cast of characters beyond the quirky heroes, and the villains!  My heavens, the villains are possibly the second most enjoyable part of the show, in that week after week the villains are, well, sort of the opposite of stereotypical villains: they are intelligent, funny, and come very close to being the stars of the episode (sort of reminiscent of Barney Miller), yet we don’t end up rooting for them in any way (except for villain-turned-ally Julius).  Bradley Whitford as Dan Stark, the out-of-time cop who, like me, distrusts technology and proper procedure (after all, didn’t we learn from thousands of episodes of Law and Order and CSI and Psych warrants usually are just for sissies after all?) is so unlike every other role we’ve ever seen him in, the sheer zest and enjoyment of watching him be funny and free and wild and reckless should have been enough of a reason to keep this show around for several seasons.  Plus it’s got wit (akin to Police Squad!, in a way), Colin Hanks, romance, special effects, and I honestly don’t know why this show stopped … oh, wait, yes I do.  It was good.

1. The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr.

Here we are, full circle.  You know who made Lost the good show it was?  Nope, not J.J. Abrams — Carlton Cuse, that’s who.  Where did he get his training?  Brisco County, Jr., that’s where.  I think it was Benjamin Franklin who said, and I quote, “The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. may not be a perfect show, but it’s as close to a perfect show as imperfect people can make,” unquote.  Before Firefly came along with its Western Sci-Fi Comedy Adventure (that at times takes itself a bit too seriously), there was the great Brisco County, Jr.: a Western Sci-Fi Comedy Adventure that never took itself too seriously.  Before Nathan Fillion came along being pseudo-manly and pseudo-complicated heroic, there was … Bruce Campbell.  Manly.  Heroic.  And manly.  I don’t want to get all libelous and whatnot, but Bruce Campbell, for me, is the antithesis of Nathan Fillion, mainly in the “I want to watch a show with him as the star” category.

Let’s talk briefly about how many fantastic things this show had going for it: I believe we have already mentioned Bruce Campbell as the eponymous Brisco County, Jr., Harvard educated son of the West’s most famous and successful lawman (Brisco County, Sr.) bounty hunter (who, MacGyver-like, almost never uses violence) extraordinaire.  Do you want more?  We have already mentioned Western Sci-Fi Comedy Adventure.  How about the late great Julius Carry as Brisco’s rival-bounty-hunter-turned-best-friend Lord Bowler?  Christian Clemenson as Socrates Poole, lawyer and confidante.  Kelly Rutherford as Dixie Cousins, gangster moll/sort of love interest for Brisco.  Comet the Wonder Horse as himself.  Every episode lovingly recalls us to those halcyon days of serials, much like the Indiana Jones movies, in which plots moved quickly from crisis to crisis, but BCJ allowed for plenty of character, humor, intrigue, romance, heart, intelligence, and more good things.  Let’s not forget John Astin as Professor Wickwire, the knowingly anachronistic scientist always encouraging Brisco (and us, the science-loving audience) to be on the lookout for The Next Big Thing.  (Before you think it’s just some Wild Wild West rip-off, trust me when I say “it isn’t.”)  And the villains!  Billy Drago as main antagonist John Bly (no one does villain like Billy Drago).  M.C. Gainey as Big Smith (a diabolical Little John).  Oh, and you know that rousing theme you hear all the time during the Olympics, not the fanfare but the other rousing get-up-and-go-with-gusto music?  Yeah, that’s actually the theme music to Brisco County, Jr.

Having established this show has practically everything you need for success (i.e., Bruce Campbell with bonus elements), let’s talk a little about its premise, especially if you think John Astin’s inventor-scientist character is the sum total of the Sci-Fi in Western Sci-Fi.  U.S. Marshall Brisco County, Sr. has just successfully rounded up all 12 of the notorious John Bly gang, but for some reason the Robber Barons and Government Decision Makers have put them all on the same train together, and somehow the bad guys escape, kill Brisco County, Sr., and flee in all directions.  The Robber Barons hire his bounty hunter son Brisco County, Jr. (and a few others, such as Lord Bowler), to track them down and restore order to the West.  And that’s just the opening credits of the pilot.  Then comes … The Orb.  I don’t want to spoil it for you, but The Orb is one of the most intelligent pieces of television history I’ve ever seen.  Brisco County, Jr. showed me television series can be intelligent — I had already known that from Star Trek and Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood and a few other things, of course, but BCJ showed me television shows, if handled by intelligent people such as Carlton Cuse, can plan ahead, come up with engaging story arcs and intentional character development, and quality episodes that not only entertain but also demand an intellectual response as well.  Brisco County, Jr. did not just come up with neat ideas and change directions to make the story bigger and better, oh no: BCJ worked out ideas and directions in advance and started heading on that cohesive path from the beginning — just like all writers are supposed to do anyway.  As you know by now, that’s one of the key factors in why Babylon 5 is the best show of all time (and my favorite), and it’s one of the key factors in why The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. is the most heartbreakingly early-cancelled show of all time.  It could have gone in several engaging directions, and from what I’ve learned about the plans Mr. Cuse and Co. had for where the show could have gone, beyond just “nabbing the Bly Gang” and understanding The Orb, it had as much possibility as The Ol’ West itself — and that’s a vista of great and wondrous and plentiful possibilities indeed.  So I’m going to file my claim for The Adventures of Brisco County, Jr. as the most regrettably-prematurely cancelled show of all time (real fans saw what I did there).

But Let’s Not Wallow in Regrets

In one sense, this has become a self-perpetuating problem.  As mentioned throughout, we, the mindful viewers, having caught on to the wiles and dastardly habits of this abominable practice are reticent to even watch new programs until after a season or two is safely on some streaming service so we don’t get our hopes and hearts attached to some new cast of characters only to have them teleported into the Nether Realms of Cancellation all too soon.  And because of this reticence, shows get low viewership, unsatisfactory ratings, and cancelled.  It’s a terrible cycle.

Another facet of the problem is the mind-blowingly nonsensical decision by the Creative Teams and their Advertising Buddies not to let us know “hey, there’s actually a cohesive story here you’ll want to dig into from the beginning.”  That’s one of the reasons I didn’t start watching Lost until a few seasons into it: the show looked interesting, but all the initial commercials made it seem like Gilligan’s Island: The Drama.  Now, had I known there was going to be a very interesting story arc to the whole thing, I may have started watching it from the beginning.  Thankfully, this is one of the few shows that had a faithful following enough to allow it to tell its complete story (and yes, most of you are still wrong about its ending and the point of the whole show).  But some shows are not so fortunate: take Pan Am, for example.  All the advertisement for it was just “here’s a period piece drama about aeroplanes!”  Now, if they had said, even briefly and quietly, “but wait, there’s more: there’s an ongoing story of espionage and conflict,” I might have given it a look — and so, likely, would have thousands of others.  I’m not saying you have to spoil all the surprises, but don’t expect me to watch a show just hoping to be pleasantly surprised there’s more to it than what all the millions of advertising budget monies have made it out to be.  I did that with Brisco County, Jr., and Fox Executives broke my heart.

“But wait!” you shout.  “What about Freaks and Geeks and The Prisoner and My So-Called Life, and all the other great cancelled-too-soon shows you haven’t seen yet?”  Whoops.  Let the cat out of the bag at the end there.  No, I have never seen Freaks and Geeks, and since I’m not in any way impressed with the output of these stars today, the thought of watching a show with them before they were stars does not grip me.  I remain ungripped (also because I staunchly refute the eponymous appellations, a subject for another time).  I do want to see The Prisoner, definitely, and I surely should, but since they sort of knew it was going to be cancelled, it had the chance to wrap up its story albeit hastily, I’m told (this is somewhat similar to BCJ, at least, in that it does come to a nice conclusion, but it could have gone on for so much longer).  And godspeed trying to get me to watch My So-Called Life.

Maybe this was just a subconscious yearning to return to the halcyon days of the early ’90s, when life seemed simple, and quality science-fiction shows were coming at us left and right, video games were done in glorious 8- and 16-bit majick, Comic World was on 16th and Central, Mystery Science Theater 3000 was still being made, the sky was blue, birds were singing, and people seemed to laugh more, then.  Well, maybe.  But that’s a topic for another time.  Let’s not wallow in regrets or the past.  Life is mighty good today, in its own way.

Today we live in a fantastic-in-its-own-right age of excellent board games and Vanilla Coke and honey wheat braided pretzels and hula hoops and fax machines, an age in which we can revisit these prematurely ended shows of yesteryear and so many more, thanks to the advent of digital video discs, streaming services, and The Next Big Thing.  The joys and potential joys of these series live on in our hearts and minds and collections and clouds.

So there’s that.  And that’s my list.  What’s yours?

Anime Summertime Watching Guide, pt. 2

Christopher Rush

In addition to the fine recommendation my brother has just given you, I thought I would offer some of my own recommendations for some enjoyable, exciting, moving, and more or less important anime series of note from recent years.  In stark contrast to most of the things we recommend here at Redeeming Pandora, these present recommendations are more critically popular than you might expect from us — instead of the overlooked, the obscure, the forgotten, and the ignored, these are some of the most beloved and acclaimed series around.  Why, then, the need for such a list, you may wonder?  Fair enough query.  The thought occurs, while the anime circles out there in life are presently aware of these gems, you perhaps are not.  Maybe you’ve been under the impression “anime is just Japanese inappropriateness” or something along those lines.  As with all sorts of human endeavors, however, a few extreme examples should not besmirch an entire genre.  Just as Grand Theft Auto (for example) should not motivate us to generalize the entire videogame enterprise as horrible, a few of the more saucy anime series out there should not prevent us from enjoying and experiencing the better works the field has to offer.  (Either that, or you’ve realized by now all of my articles are worth reading, regardless of subject matter and thus “need” is replaced by “just for giggles” and that’s why you are reading this; for that I thank you.)  Here, then, in no particular order, are four series worth watching as you while away the summer waiting for the weather to get deliciously cooler and the skies to get beautifully grayer.

Attack on Titan

I admit at the first this is a violent show.  Its “Mature” rating is well-deserved.  It’s not as bloodily violent as, say, The Wild Bunch or Fight Club, which we’ve somehow gotten away with recommending at Redeeming Pandora, but its violence is intense and pervasive (if not, shall we say, “conventionally graphic”).  The series also is occasionally salty, but not nearly as salty as, say, Tim O’Brien’s important and heartily-recommended work The Things They Carried.  It would be fair to say, then, this series is recommended despite its violence and mild saltiness.

What, then, you wonder, makes it commendable?  I’m not usually a big “post-apocalyptic world” fan, and Attack on Titan is certainly a post-apocalyptic series.  Like many anime series, the main protagonists are youngish characters thrust into a chaotic world in which their worth and contributions must be proved and maintained.  Somewhat typically with such tales, the main protagonists lose their parents early on and must struggle to get by before they can grow and fend for themselves.  Here come the commendations.  What is less typical of such stories is Attack on Titan begins in a post-apocalyptic world that has more or less forgotten it is a post-apocalyptic world.  100 years ago, giant “titans” (10-50-feet tall neutered human-like beings) appeared seemingly out of nowhere and began devouring the human race.  Somehow, some of humanity survived long enough to build three huge concentric circular walls around the last vestiges of the race.  Humanity adjusts to its present condition, more or less, almost getting used to it, despite the elite cadre of military that periodically forays outside the walls, until one day a 200-foot titan appears and batters a hole in the outermost wall, allowing dozens of seemingly-mindless titans to resume the destruction of mankind.  Our heroes are caught in the middle, their lives are turned upside down, and suddenly they must live once again with the threat of the titans.

The majority of the 1-season (as of this writing) show follows our three heroes (Eren Yeager, his foster sister Mikasa Ackerman, and their buddy Armin Arlert) as they make their way to the Military to start taking an active role in the defense of mankind and eventually, hopefully, the reclamation of the planet from the mysterious titans.  Eren is a conflicted protagonist, and before too long, as is often the case, he has a special destiny integral to the survival of mankind.  Mikasa proves herself as an impressive killing machine, as the military uses impressive technology to fight the giant titans.  Armin, though initially suffering from self-confidence issues, soon enough proves himself as a brilliant strategist and scientific mind.  Along the way, we meet a number of supporting characters who get very interesting the more we get to know them.  The only problem with this, is, since most of them are front-line military against a nearly-invincible and relentless foe, the mortality rate among the supporting cast is high — you can’t get too attached to them, really.

I don’t recommend it for the violence, of course.  I recommend it because it is a tense show with a large number of exciting mysteries (where did these titans come from? why is Eren so special?) and twists and turns, combined with the sort of Battlestar Galactica-like “humanity banding together to fight off destruction, all the while exploring what it means to be human and moral and all that good stuff” that makes a show like this much more philosophically satisfying than others of its kind.   Sprinkled throughout are engaging battle scenes, heroic sacrifices, intriguing layers of politics and betrayal, poignant quiet moments, revealing flashbacks … and then, suddenly, your jaw will drop, your eyes will bulge, and everything you thought you knew about the series and its characters twists inside out.  And then it happens again.  And you’ll be hooked.

It is only one season, so far, but feel free to use it to motivate you to read the manga, since that is much further along in the overall storyline than the anime series is thus far (and, naturally, it’s richer in character moments, subplots, and other literary goodies not always translatable to a short television show).

Cowboy Bebop

Considered one of the all-time greats for good reasons, Cowboy Bebop is certainly a worthwhile viewing experience.  It, too, is occasionally mature, especially in the dialogue, but its overall presentation, fascinating characters, wholly believable world, philosophical explorations, and diverse musical score all overshadow the sporadic saltiness.  It is also a limited series, with only 26 episodes (plus one later mid-story movie), so it doesn’t take a lengthy commitment, but the complete series leaves you with such a positive impression, you are glad you watched it.

In a way, Cowboy Bebop is also a kind of post-apocalyptic series: after a nuclear accident, parts of Earth are uninhabitable, but fortunately we have discovered interstellar gate travel and have colonized and encountered other planets and so we are okay.  Sort of.  Corruption and basic human nature have followed us into outer space, and since space is a vast place, the major corporations and generally decent folk need bounty hunters (called “cowboys”) to help make the spaceways a better place for all.  Two such noble bounty hunters/cowboys aboard their ship Bebop are our heroes for the series: Spike Spiegel and Jet Black.  Along the way, they meet new friends, we learn about their old enemies, secrets are uncovered, choices are made, and things will never be the same.  And the series is only half over.

It is an impressively dynamic series: some episodes are very dramatic, some are poignant, some are adventurous and funny, some are nerve-wracking — all are high quality.  Even the episodes you like least are better than other shows you really like.  It’s a very layered show: you have to pay attention to the details, as moments and cameos in one episode will come back a couple episodes later.  This adds to the overall heft of the series as well as encourages you to watch it again and again.  Additionally, it’s a very rich world: the corporations, the supporting characters, the layers of past and present all imbricate in top-notch ways.  I know I’m starting to recapitulate generally high praise, but this series deserves all the accolades it has garnered and more.  I’m not saying it’s my most favorite series of all time (you know what that is already), but this is definitely a contender for anyone’s short list, anime or not.  You will enjoy this in deeper, more meaningful ways than just “yeah, I liked it.”  It gets you thinking about a whole lot of important ideas without coming off as didactic or belabored.  I realize this is awfully general, but I really don’t want to spoil too much of anything else, as it’s best enjoyed out of wonder without too many preconceptions or spoilers.  It will not disappoint you.

Fate/Zero

This yet-another 26-episode complete series is a prequel to another fairly enjoyable anime series Fate/Stay NightFate/Stay Night is a computer/videogame with multiple storylines and directions (as in, the story and characters can change depending on which “track” you choose to follow based on your actions and such).  The basic premise in both Fate series is every 60-some years, a Holy Grail (not necessarily the Holy Grail) appears on Earth to give one worthy mage and his/her Heroic Spirit companion a wish.  Before this can happen, several want-to-be-worthy mages each summon a Heroic Spirit (famous person from history) to beat the other competitors in a Street Fighter/Moral Kombat-like battle to the death.  Thus, this series, too, is a bit mature at times.  (The main and obvious villain of the series is horrifically villainous — you will immediately be rooting against him and his sheer evil.)

The first half of the series introduces the main combatants, their historical Heroic Spirit counterparts, their goals, their wishes, their conflicts, and a whole lot of other interesting notions (such as the families and mystical secret organizations involved in the centuries of these Grail Wars … secret cabals that make the Illuminati seem like the Boy Scouts of America).  The protagonist of the series, Emiya Kiritsugu, is very layered, as are almost all the characters.  My favorite duo is mage Waver Velvet and his companion Alexander the Great.  Their scenes are among the best of the series, which is saying a lot, considering how good the series is.

Since the mages have called upon Heroic Spirits (except the villain of the series has conjured up a truly heinous person of history), one of the intriguing themes of the series is honor in its many forms: how to achieve it, how it can be lost, can it be regained? and all that.  Our main protagonist, who has a checkered past at best, is aligned with King Arthur, as truly a noble historical figure as possible (though there’s a pretty big twist I don’t want to spoil for you here).  Their interactions are likewise engaging.  These heroes, being noble, often struggle with the need to eliminate each other during the grail contest, even though they know they are in effect servants of the grail until they win it and gain their deepest wish.

Since it’s a prequel to a story/series that was made years before, the ending is likely well-known and necessary.  I’m usually in favor of reading/seeing things in the order in which they were made and not their in-world chronological order (my thoughts on the proper order of The Chronicles of Narnia are well known), but I don’t know if watching Fate/Stay Night is better, especially since I experienced Fate/Zero first.  I certainly think it’s worth watching Fate/Stay Night as well, but it is very much a more typical “young teens are the heroes to save the world” sort of story, whereas Fate/Zero is definitely a grown-up series (the kids of the characters in Fate/Zero are most of the main characters in Fate/Stay Night, 20-years later instead of the usual 60).

Don’t let the “mages conjuring heroes of the past” put you off.  The only off-putting thing is the main villain, but he is so obviously heinous all the other characters rally around the rightness of getting rid of him.  Fate/Zero is a great story of nobility, sacrifice, redemption, heroism, and much more.

Fullmetal Alchemist/FMA: Brotherhood

Some may say I’ve saved the best for last, but that may be tainted by the fact Fullmetal Alchemist is much longer than the other series listed here, with 50-some episodes in the first series and 60-some in the “reboot-like” series Brotherhood.  The length of the series naturally lends itself to deep, thorough plots, well-rounded and beloved supporting characters, meaningful conflicts and resolutions, and all the things that make an adventure television series great.

Edward and Alphonse Elric lose their mom when they are still fairly young (you can see a trend among this series), but instead of accepting her mortality they use their alchemy skills to try to bring her back to life.  It does not go well.  Alphonse loses his body; Edward loses his arm and leg while attempting to save Alphonse’s soul, attaching it to a giant suit of armor.  Their childhood friend, Winry Rockbell, creates a new arm and leg for him.  (This is all the first minute of the first episode, so I’m not spoiling anything.)  Having survived such an experience, the brothers realize they need to improve their alchemy skills and find some way to get Alphonse’s body back.  Thus begins their journey.

As with all of these, a great deal of the enjoyment of the series comes in the diverse supporting cast, the ups and downs of their journey, and the growing menace of the behind-the-scenes puppet masters, as well as the philosophical quandaries the Elric brothers encounter along their journey.  Having violated one of the key laws of alchemy (don’t attempt human transformation), the Elric brothers begin on the outs, even as they subordinate themselves to the Military (yeah, I know, it seems to have a lot of similarities to Attack on Titan, but they are radically different stories) in an effort to gain access to more knowledge about alchemy, perhaps even tracking down the elusive Philosopher’s Stone.  Edward meets several other dubious alchemy users (sort of how Huck Finn meets other likeminded characters warning him against living this sort of life), and he is often tested in how he will live and use his powers: has he learned his lesson? is he committed to others? or is “accomplishing their goals” the only value worth embracing, regardless of who is affected?  It’s a very rich show.

Without giving too much away, I’ll comment on two engaging aspects of these series.  First, one of the main group of antagonists are named after the Seven Deadly Sins.  Though some characters in the two series represent different Sins (e.g., “Dave” is Pride in FMA but Envy in Brotherhood), they make for a very menacing and thought-provoking group of antagonists.  Second, unlike almost every American show, the heroic adults of both versions of the show recognize their need to help the Elric brothers since they are young boys and vocalize their responsibility as adults to help and lead the boys as trustworthy adults.  Instead of American shows that tell us children are smarter than their parents and other authority figures, Fullmetal Alchemist enjoins us as adults to live exemplary lives to lead the youth for the good of all considered, and children should allow the trustworthy adults in their lives to protect and care for them when it’s the right thing for them to do.

I definitely recommend watching the entirety of the original series first, even though soon enough the two series become drastically different.  The first Fullmetal Alchemist began before the manga wrapped up, and thus it started telling its own story about halfway through.  Fullmetal Alchemist: Brotherhood (as it’s known here in the U.S.) follows the manga more closely (so I’m told — I haven’t read it yet).  I agree with those who find the ending of Brotherhood more satisfactory than the ending of the original (even with the original’s post-series wrap-up movie The Conquerer of Shambhala), but the original’s story and the fate of many supporting characters is satisfying as well.  I’ll probably write a more detailed article about this idea next year, once you’ve had time this summer to watch both series.

There you have it.  Four high-quality anime series to lead you into what may be a fresh genre of television enjoyment and life improvement.  Have a good summer of watching great series!  (It’s a great way to avoid sunburns, at least.)

Excitement, Adventure, and Really Wild Things: A Legend’s First Film

Timothy J. Rush

The Hayao Miyazaki oeuvre covers so many beloved classics of anime such as My Neighbor Totoro, Spirited Away, Kiki’s Delivery Service, and Princess Mononoke. Often overlooked is his very first film directorial effort, The Castle of Cagliostro. It’s not hard to see why: it doesn’t quite fit with the themes and elements that characterize much of the rest of his work. There isn’t a young girl protagonist, no moving to a new country home, no emphasis on the importance of preserving nature. Instead, we have a film that is part of a different large body of work, specifically the Lupin the Third series by Monkey Punch, an anime series Miyazaki himself worked on. But let me tell you right now, The Castle of Cagliostro is not merely my favorite animated film of all time, but also in my top three movies (live action or animated) ever.

You see, Castle of Cagliostro has what I like in movies on a base, visceral level: excitement, adventure, and really wild things. Castle of Cagliostro starts with a Monaco casino heist at the height of conflict, our “heroes” Lupin and Jigen running away from the police with arms stuffed so overly full of cash bills stream behind them as they impossibly hurdle over obstacles on their way to their getaway vehicle. The police bumble their way into their own vehicles, which proceed to fall apart in spectacular and equally impossible ways: splitting down the middle, wheels flying off, crunching to a halt after moving mere inches — all of these the product of sabotage by Lupin, as revealed by his taunting note left on the engine compartment of one of the now-useless cars.

This illustrates what is the true hallmark of this movie: portraying a thrilling adventure where the rules of physics shall bend beyond that of reality, but only in ways that enhance the thrills and humor without destroying important dramatic tension. The most obvious example of this is my favorite sequence of the film, a car chase around a winding cliff path with Lupin and Jigen trying to intercede on behalf of a woman being chased by some thugs. At one point in this tense chase, Lupin drives his Fiat 500 (a ridiculous car to even be in such a chase) sideways up the side of the cliff. It’s completely mad, but just wonderful to watch. Yet while physics have been defied, dramatic tension remains — we are still worried for the well being of the woman in the pursued car, as it creeps toward falling off a cliff. Even in later action sequences we still hold our breath, hoping our hero can make it through.

This says nothing of the lavish setting of the movie, where even on his limited budget Miyazaki fills the fictional Grand Duchy of Cagliostro with detail and intricacies. Miyazaki’s love of visual landscapes packed with wonders to explore can be seen even here in his earliest directorial work. There are more than a few long, lingering shots that may not move the plot forward but help immerse you in this little independent city-state where most of the movie takes place.

But of course, we need to address the 500-pound gorilla in the room: can you enjoy The Castle of Cagliostro without knowing a lick about Lupin the Third? Honestly, it’s actually ideal not to have preconceived notions of the Lupin characters. On its initial release in the late seventies, The Castle of Cagliostro was actually criticized for its portrayal of the beloved Lupin the Third characters. For instance, Miyazaki’s Lupin is far more heroic and less arrogant, and his treatment of female lead Fujiko Mine gives her depth and skill as opposed to being a sex object. Miyazaki makes these characters his own, and the movie is better for it. You get all the needed history in the film itself, from Lupin and Fujiko’s mutual admiration to the complex relationship of Lupin and his law enforcement foil Koichi Zenigata.

The Castle of Cagliostro has also stood the test of time for me, personally. As one of the three movies I will pop on the TV whenever I truly need a pick-me-up, it has never failed to put a smile on my face. I have watched it dozens of times, only rivalled in number by the other members of my movie holy trilogy (Jaws and Shaun of the Dead), and it is always the right choice to watch. It is my favorite anime of any sort, movie or series, and you absolutely should give it a try.

8 ½: Art as an Act of Love within Cinema’s Quintessential Künstlerroman

Julian Rhodes

It’s hard to think of an Italian director on the same level of fame and influence as Federico Fellini, and though a good number of modern filmgoers may not be familiar with him by name, it’s quite likely they’ve experienced him secondhand through the countless modern filmmakers he’s inspired. Elements of his style can be seen in the witty social commentary of Terry Gilliam, the surreal imagery of David Lynch, and the emotionally conflicted dialogue of Charlie Kaufman, while other films are just shameless exercises in homage, such as Kaufman’s own Synecdoche, New York, Woody Allen’s Stardust Memories, Paolo Sorrentino’s The Great Beauty — even that ending scene from Big Fish. And for good measure, I guess I should throw in that one short film Wes Anderson directed for Prada. Fact is, without this guy, we wouldn’t even have the word paparazzi, which comes from the character Paparazzo, a photographer from his 1960 classic La Dolce Vita, arguably the most well-remembered of his works. And while La Dolce Vita’s cinematic beauty and iconic status may have won it the rank of #39 on the BFI list for the top 50 greatest films of all time, 8 ½ surpasses it by miles, ranking within the top #10 on the same list.1 So, the question is … why? Why is 8 ½  considered to be such a great film — and, more specifically — why is it an important film for the film lovers of today’s audiences? The answer is simple. It is because 8 ½ remains to this day not only the definitive film about filmmaking but also quite possibly the definitive film about the life of the artist in general. Unfortunately, this is the kind of answer that only raises more questions, so let me explain exactly why I believe that to be true.

But before I move on to some of the film’s deeper themes, I have to take a moment to talk about exactly what kind of a film this is. In his 1947 film Bicycle Thieves, Fellini-contemporary Vittorio di Sica shows us the human condition through the struggle of a simple, innocent lower-class man driven to desperation. Fellini shows us the same kind of desperation, but in an entirely different environment, as he chooses instead to focus on the depravity of Italy’s lavish upper class. Here are the people who have everything the starving families of Bicycle Thieves lack, even to excess, and yet they’re entirely corrupted, left empty, searching for a sense of purpose and meaning that ultimately evades them. La Dolce Vita and 8 ½  both carry across these themes and ideas, but they do so in entirely different ways. La Dolce Vita is a stinging social commentary on celebrity lifestyle, a journey through seven days and seven nights of sin and debauchery. Not surprisingly, it happens to be the second saddest film I’ve ever seen — the saddest film I’ve ever seen being the aforementioned Synecdoche, New York, a story about a neurotic self-absorbed genius who begins an artistic project so grand and expensive it consumes his life entirely and physically and emotionally estranges him from everyone and everything he really cares about. Not coincidentally, this is also the exact same plot of 8 ½ . But going back to Fellini, I’d like to point out though 8 ½  and La Dolce Vita both produce entirely different feelings in the audience when each film ends, both films keep the same emotional tone for a majority of their respective narratives. Their endings really are the only thing that separate them into the genres of comedy and tragedy — whereas, on the whole, Fellini’s writing style floats in a balance between the two, so each film can reasonably be seen as a tragicomedy. Now 8 ½  is surprisingly funny, but note that with the amount of distressing dramatic content within the story, Fellini found it necessary to consistently remind people it was supposed to be funny, to the point where he had “ricordati che e un film comico” taped under the viewfinder of every camera: “remember that this is a comic film.”2 To pull something like this off — this interplay of painful realism with absurd humor — requires a series of emotional maneuvers of which only the most skilled writers are capable. Fellini is able do this by masking painful information beneath clever wordplay and snappy and detached delivery — which again, brings us back to Kaufman, who does this so often it you may as well consider it his trademark. The effect of this balance is though the entire film could be seen as one man’s psychological breakdown, the movie’s light tone and airy music keep you from being too worried about what you’re seeing on screen — except, of course, for those few moments when Fellini really wants you to be worried.

One of the first things you’ll notice with this movie is its use of bizarre imagery — even from the very first shot, it seems to be speaking its own kind of symbolic language. Fellini’s biographer Tullio Kezich writes at toward the middle of his life Fellini became fascinated by the writings of psychoanalyst Carl Jung and his respective theories on the subconscious — the director began to keep a dream journal and subsequently his films began to illustrate qualities of the oneiric.3 Oneiric film theory aims to interpret film in a way that emphasizes the parallels between the film and the dream, so the film can literally be seen as a dream shared by the artist and the audience — as French critic Roland Barthes beautifully points out, do we not walk out of the movie theater feeling almost as if we had just awoken from a long sleep?4 While it’s true not every film lends itself to this kind of psychoanalysis, many directors who view the medium in this way will deliberately work surreal elements in their movies as a means of guiding the audience to reconsider the film from this perspective, and many films are better enjoyed and understood when you watch the film as if it were a dream, the product of our collective subconscious. Films that operate on this idea can be found everywhere you look. such as Martin Scorsese’s After Hours, Stanley Kubrick’s The Shining, and pretty much everything by David Lynch — and yet when it comes down to it, all of these directors’ uses of surrealism can be traced straight back to Fellini.

The symbols we see in Fellini’s dream sequences are by no means arbitrarily chosen. In fact, the fears and desires symbolically present in the opening scene are carried throughout the rest of the film, and just as much can be said for the reappearing visual motifs. In the first sequence we see Guido trapped between the glass windows of a car, just as his dead father is shown to be trapped within the glass mausoleum within the second dream sequence; the steamy bath house also refers back to the steamy car from the same opening scene. When I first saw the film, I was amazed when I first saw the sheer magnitude of Guido’s film set — unaware I had actually seen it within the first three minutes of the movie! And it’s hard for anyone to miss the unsettling similarities between Guido’s harem fantasy and his childhood memory of the wine bath. Within the dream, the environment is understood as a manifestation of the character — how that character interprets his own reality, and what he or she sees as important. Yet with Fellini ensuring the lines between dream, reality, fantasy, and memory stay blurred, the audience is forced into a deeper level of involvement with what they’re presented with — you have to figure out what’s going on in any given scene.

At the center of 8 ½ , is of course, Guido — dreamer and director. Guido is interesting because he is at once likable and repulsive. The movie introduces him as someone beset with stress, surrounded on all sides by producers and actors who never cease to barrage him with questions, and we can immediately relate to his frustration. But just when we feel we like this guy, the movie suddenly begins to explore in depth every single one of his flaws — contemporary critic Alberto Moravia describes Guido as “obsessed by eroticism, a sadist, a masochist, a self-mythologizer, an adulterer, a clown, a liar and a cheat.”5 He is a charlatan, attempting to mount his magnum opus at a time when he is, as Roger Ebert writes, “artistically bankrupt,”6 perhaps not unlike Fellini before the film entered development. When Guido begins working on his film, it is a story about a nuclear apocalypse, about a rocket-ship and mankind’s evacuation of a dying world — and yet when we see the screen tests, all of the characters are simply mirror images of the key players in his own life. In choosing to make the film, he desires to do something important, something beautiful, something to be remembered, but as he retreats into himself further and further, his massive science-fiction epic eventually devolves into self-gratifying autobiography. Here is a man who hides behind his sunglasses because he is afraid of the world around him, afraid of women, afraid of vulnerability, afraid of being disappointed and afraid of being a disappointment. Thus Guido creates art as a means of controlling a reality beyond his control, processing reality through his artwork in the same way dreams process our reality in a way we can understand. But in doing this, he distorts reality and ultimately loses touch with it. Guido’s very character is constantly defined by lies and deception, but more damaging than any of the lies he feeds the other characters are the lies he feeds himself, to the point where even he, and therefore the audience, can no longer distinguish between reality and fabrication.

In the midst of his trials, Guido seeks for answers in his wife’s medium friend, Rosella. He is free, she tells him. Free to do what, though? Free to choose, perhaps? For certainly, the entire ending of the film seems to hinge on one climactic choice — where he crawls under the table at a press conference, pulls out a gun, and points it towards his head. A gunshot is heard, but we see nothing. And though there is some level of ambiguity, most are convinced this doesn’t imply he kills himself — no, the upbeat optimism of the film’s final images conflicts with that idea too strongly. According to Fellini analyst Frank Burke, what Guido shoots is not himself, but his ego.7 When we encounter Guido at the film’s beginning, he is making art for himself — not exposing his weaknesses, but to hide them — even though what Guido primarily desires is a relationship built on vulnerability without judgment. He craves true self-expression, but also true acceptance. What he discovers at the end is the love he was searching for, almost unconsciously, and when he puts his own pride and selfishness to death, he discovers a glorious afterlife where he is able to live in harmony with everyone he has wronged. The film’s ending then redefines art as a gift to others, a bridge to unite artist and audience — so that the artist is noblest when he is most honest. Art is no longer, then, a burden or a duty. Art is an act of love.

Endnotes

1 “The 50 Greatest Films of All Time.” Sight & Sound. British Film Institute, September 2012. Web. Retrieved on 24 September 2015.

2 Walter, Eugene. “Dinner with Fellini.” The Transatlantic Review, Autumn 1964. Print.

3 Kesich, Tullio. Federico Fellini: His Life and His Work. London: Faber & Faber, 2007. Print.

4 Barthes, Roland. “En sortant du cinéma.” Communications, 23. 1975. pp.104-107. Print.

5 Moravia, Alberto. L’Espresso. 14 February 1963. Print.

6 Ebert, Roger. “Fellini’s ,” Chicago Sun-Times, 7 May 1993.

7 Burke, Frank. “Modes of Narration and Spiritual Development in Fellini’s .” Literature Film Quarterly. 1986. 14:3. p. 164-170. Print.

The Controversy of Gender Politics in The Taming of the Shrew vs. 10 Things I Hate About You

Hannah Moonis

From A Comedy of Errors to Much Ado About Nothing, William Shakespeare composed many comedies throughout the years. Perhaps one of the greatest comedies of his time was The Taming of the Shrew, one of his first plays. This comedy follows the tale of sisters Katharina and Bianca and their various suitors. The elder sister, Katharina, (the “shrew”) is pursued by Petruchio, a man from Verona on a mission to wed and make money. Bianca is courted by many men, but most noticeably, Lucentio (disguised as a tutor) and Hortensio (a friend of Petruchio). Through a series of events, Katharina weds Petruchio and is successfully “tamed” by her new husband. Bianca married Lucentio after Tranio, Lucentio’s servant who disguised himself as Lucentio to convince Bianca’s father to let her marry Lucentio, disguised as her tutor. All ends well for everyone and as a final test, Petruchio shows the other men how obedient his once-wild wife now was. In its modern day film adaptation, 10 Things I Hate About You, the plot similarly follows the story of sisters Kat and Bianca. In a modern day high school a new student, Cameron, arrives and immediately falls in love with Bianca. The girls’ father has a rule Bianca can’t date until Kat starts dating, which Kat claims will never happen. In order to date Bianca, Cameron must pay “bad-boy” Patrick to date her older, quick-tempered sister Kat. Though the two are quite similar in the storyline, the two tales diverge at particular parts. There are two main differences in the plots of these two stories: how Katharina or Kat is “tamed” and the role of gender politics.

The Taming of the Shrew has brought up many controversial topics throughout its long history. One of the most debated topics is whether or not Katharina’s taming was emotional abuse or merely a less violent way to control Petruchio’s wild wife. During Shakespeare’s time, beating one’s wife was becoming more and more frowned upon by society, leading many to argue Petruchio’s psychological methods of taming were more humane and gentle. Katharina is eventually “tamed” and submits to her husband. There are many theories as to what her final speech in Act 5 means; most commonly believed is Katharina is sincere and has been successfully “tamed” by Petruchio. It is unknown if they truly love each other. Quite contrary to the original story, in 10 Things I Hate About You, Patrick “tames” Kat, quite on accident, through the power of love. Only after falling in love with Patrick does she become a more calm and loving person. Though both Petruchio and Patrick pursue Katharina (Kat) for money, Patrick’s actions become much more sincere as the movie progresses. It is up to the reader to determine if Petruchio and Katharina truly loved each other in the end, or if it was simply a woman’s submission to her husband through nonviolent means.

Gender politics plays a huge role in the story of Katharina and Petruchio or Kat and Patrick. Many critics debate whether or not Petruchio’s treatment of Katharina was emotional abuse. Emily Detmer, author of “Civilizing Subordination: Domestic Violence and Taming of the Shrew,” suggests in her book the final speech made by Katharina was a result of Stockholm Syndrome, saying, “Her surrender and obedience signify her emotional bondage as a survival strategy; she aims to please because her life depends upon it.” Other critics such as David Beauregard, author of Catholic Theologies in Shakespeare’s Plays, argues Katharina and Petruchio’s relationship takes on the characteristics of an Aristotelian story and is in no way abusive, but in fact, beneficial to both parties. Beauregard believes Petruchio was acting as a light to Katharina, bringing her into harmony with her own nature, thus teaching her obedience. In the reverse, Katharina also helps Petruchio understand happiness and fortune through her taming according to Beauregard. The gender politics in 10 Things I Hate About You  is decreased in importance from the original story. Kat is portrayed as an angry feminist who finds social constructs to be restricting, hence her reluctance to date. Patrick doesn’t use relatively abusive psychological methods on Kat to make her date him. He may be motivated by money in the beginning, but over time, Patrick shows he actually cares about her, contrary to her previous notions about men. In the end, both Patrick and Kat are happier and much nicer people. Their relationship becomes a symbiotic one, much like Beauregard’s description of Katharina and Petruchio’s relationship, which is definitely not emotionally abusive.

The Taming of the Shrew is responsible for many gender role-based debates. Some say Shakespeare is warming against the cruelty of submissive techniques, even non-physical ones. Others argue Shakespeare is portraying the change in social civility as Petruchio doesn’t physically abuse Katharina. But almost everyone can agree The Taming of the Shrew is controversial. Is it misogynistic? Is it sexist? The debate continues. 10 Things I Hate About You stays largely away from the gender politics portrayed in its source material, possibly because The Taming of the Shrew offends so many people, not just women, in this day and age. George Bernard Shaw in a letter to the Pall Mall Gazette describes the play as “one vile insult to womanhood and manhood from the first word to the last.”

The contrasts between these two stories, The Taming of the Shrew and 10 Things I Hate About You, are a little drastic, the latter taking out what many critics say to be the most important part of the story: the role of gender in society and marriage and the controversial cruelty of men against their wives and women in general. The two tales seems to both send different messages to their audiences. The Taming of the Shrew portrays a woman’s role in life is to submit to her husband with blind obedience. 10 Things I Hate About You shows how love and acceptance reveal one’s true self and essentially makes you a better person.           

Bibliography

Detmer, Emily. “Civilizing Subordination: Domestic Violence and the Taming of the Shrew.” Shakespeare Quarterly 48.3 (1997): 273–294. Web.

Junger, Gil, dir. 10 Things I Hate About You. Perf. Heath Ledger and Julia Stiles. Touchstone Pictures, 1999. Web. 10 Dec. 2015.

Shakespeare, William. The Complete Works of William Shakespeare: The Taming of the Shrew. Mumbai, India: Wilco Publishing House, 2005. 224-47. Print.

Cinderella

Tarah Leake

Written by (among others) the Brothers Grimm, the story of Cinderella has survived for decades. About one hundred twenty-five years later, Disney produced a film based on the Grimms’ tale. Today, Cinderella presents a beautiful princess who marries a charming man and lives happily ever after. However, this story is not to be taken casually; rather, the telling of Cinderella’s family, trials, and outcome holds intrinsic educational value for the real world. In both versions, characters demonstrate inverse and similar characteristics, themes of humility and judgment transpire, and symbolism is apparent.

After her mother dies of ailment, young Ella is lost in a world with her dreadful stepsisters and stepmother. She is treated awfully and forced to sleep by the fireplace, covering her in cinders and deriving the nickname, “Cinderella.” Even after this, Cinderella remains humble and grateful for what she does possess. The stepsisters and stepmother, on the other hand, are selfish and arrogant. In the Grimms’ tale, when Cinderella’s father goes to a fair, he promises to bring back gifts for the girls. The stepsisters request dresses, pearls, and jewels. Cinderella, however, simply asks for the first branch that knocks off her father’s hat. This demonstrates Cinderella accepts her life and is not concerned with obtaining carnal, materialistic desires. When the stepsisters are preparing for the ball, Cinderella helps them with their hair and dresses instead of focusing on herself. This shows maturity, because the stepsisters would never help Cinderella prepare for the ball; they treat her like a slave, and yet she still offers up her assistance.

The stepmother is conceited and demanding. She places her personal satisfaction above others’ needs. She marries Cinderella’s father, not because she loves him, but rather she loves his money. She does everything in her power to eliminate competition for the prince’s hand in marriage; in her mind, forcing Cinderella to stay home and do chores confirms the choosing of one of her daughters. This shows the stepmother recognizes Cinderella’s elegance and feels threatened by it. Disney makes a point of highlighting the stepmother’s extreme jealousy of Cinderella’s beauty and her hatred of the young girl. The Grimm Brothers demonstrate this hatred by the stepmother’s constant attempt at the humiliation of Ella. When Cinderella asked if she could go to the ball, the stepmother reprimanded her for even considering going to the ball looking as vile as she does. The stepsisters assumed their mother was trying to help them; however, once again the stepmother was conceited and wanted her daughters to marry the prince so she could be recognized and respected. The stepmother was also quite demanding and cruel in both stories. According to the Grimm Brothers, the stepmother poured lentils into the hearth and told Cinderella she must pick all of the lentils out if she desired to go to the ball. In Disney’s story, she forced Cinderella to cook all of their meals, do their laundry, and clean the house. Even with how dreadful she treated Cinderella, Cinderella never disrespected her. Not only was the stepmother demanding of Cinderella, but even to her own daughters. In the Grimms’ tale, when the messenger arrived with the golden shoe looking for the owner, the stepsisters’ feet were too large. The mother was so determined to have her daughters marry the prince, she forced them to cut off parts of their feet so the shoe would fit, finishing with the cruel demand to swallow the pain. This is far removed from anything Cinderella would do especially to her own children. This shows, yet again, the inverses of characters’ morals in this classic.

Along with these varying morals and aspirations, two major themes are scattered throughout the story: sacrifice and judgment. Self-sacrifice was seen with the stepsisters when they brutally removed portions of their body in order to be accepted by the prince, which proved useless in the end. Cinderella made self-sacrifices by choosing to be humble and respectful to her stepmother and by choosing to help the stepsisters with their dresses rather than make her own. This theme pairs perfectly with Christ’s words in Mark 10:45, “For even the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.” The second major theme is judgment. The stepsisters’ hearts were full of arrogance and conceit, and they were judged accordingly. The Grimm Brothers describe the haunting event where the stepsisters’ eyes were plucked out by the bird on Cinderella’s shoulder during the wedding. Judgment is not always bad, simply a conclusion based on one’s choices. Cinderella was humble, kind, and a servant to others and was ultimately rewarded for her actions. The Bible often announces the rewards of humility and kindness; James 4:10 says, “Humble yourselves before the Lord, and he will lift you up.” Proverbs 22:4 explains the wages of humility are riches, honor, and life. This is applicable to eternal life as well: Matthew 20:16 says, “So the last will be first, and the first will be last.” In the end, the sacrifices and responses of Cinderella were judged accordingly, and she was granted a beautiful life and husband. The stepsisters and stepmother, however, who desired only to please themselves, paid the ultimate price in the end.

The use of symbolism is frequent in both versions of Cinderella. In many ways, Cinderella represents a Christ-like attitude. She was rejected and terribly punished in her own home, yet continued to serve others with love, willingness, and humility. Christ also came to the world to serve others and demonstrate love and humility even when persecuted. When the stepsisters arrived at Cinderella’s wedding in the original, they desired to befriend Cinderella so they could share in her wealth and recognition. They attempted to beg Cinderella for forgiveness, however, Cinderella ignored the sisters, and the once beautiful girls lived in pain and blindness the remainder of their lives. This is symbolic of people in the world who choose to neglect God’s word and live out their carnal desires. When the bird removed the sisters’ eyes, Proverbs 30:17 comes to mind. It reads, “The eye that mocks a father, that scorns an aged mother, will be pecked out by the ravens of the valley, will be eaten by the vultures.” Just as Cinderella ignored the sisters, so will Christ ignore the evil on the Day of Judgment. 2 Thessalonians 1:9 reads, “They will be punished with everlasting destruction and shut out from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of his might.” Matthew 7:23 reads, “Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew you. Away from me, you evildoers!’” Another example of symbolism is the likeness of Cinderella’s relationship with her stepsisters to the Biblical story of Lazarus and the Rich Man. Luke 16:19-31 describes the story of how a rich man mistreats poor Lazarus. When both men die, the rich man calls up to Lazarus from Hell and requests just a drop of water to quench his thirst. Likewise, in the story of Cinderella, the stepsisters were tormented by their judgment and sought refuge in the very individual they disgraced. The final demonstration of symbolism is the false promises of the stepmother. Three times the stepmother promised Cinderella permission to attend the ball as long as she completed her tasks.  Each time, however, Cinderella was met with rejection and disappointment. This represents how Satan can promise individuals their innermost desires in exchange for something else; however, he never fulfills his agreements and many are left disappointed like Cinderella.

Although written during different centuries and varying in minor details, both the Grimm and Walt Disney versions share similar values and lessons. Cinderella is often regarded as a light-hearted fairytale with the classic happy ending; however, when truly analyzed, it outlines many real-life applications of consequences and judgment, humility and reward, and biblical symbolisms. Cinderella showed humility and respect in the presence of cruelty and arrogance. The stepsisters chose selfish desires over good morals and were judged accordingly, spending the rest of their lives as cripples. The stepmother was the epitome of jealous hatred and conceit, the opposite of Cinderella’s gentle nature. Elements of the story symbolize the rewards God honors the humble with, judgment upon the wicked, and deceitful promises of the Devil. Cinderella is not simply a fairy-tale for children; rather it is comprised of moral lessons that individuals of any age can benefit from.

Bibliography

BibleGateway.com: A Searchable Online Bible in over 100 Versions and 50 Languages. Web. 1 Dec. 2015.

“Cinderella.” Grimms’ Fairy Tales. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. <https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~spok/grimmtmp/016.txt&gt;.

“Cinderella’s Story — Disney Princess.” Disney Princess. Disney Entertainment. Web. 22 Nov. 2015. <http://princess.disney.com/cinderellas-story&gt;.